Porous material
Porous material made with metal or metal alloy, which may be a coating, can be made from a first intermediate and then a second intermediate. For instance, the first intermediate may be provided by providing the metal or metal alloy, and a pore-holding substance; and combining the metal or metal alloy, and the pore-holding substance. The second intermediate can be provided, for instance, by forming from the first intermediate, a matrix of metal or metal alloy, in which is dispersed the pore-holding substance, for example, with thermal spraying. The porous material can be made by contacting the second intermediate with a pore-forming substance under conditions such that pore-holding substance in the matrix contacted with the pore-forming substance is reduced in size or removed to leave pores in remaining metal or metal alloy to provide a constituent of a metal or metal alloy with pores.
1 . A method for making a porous material made with a metal or metal alloy, which embraces a constituent of the metal or metal alloy, and which has a suitable pore size and distribution, and interconnecting porosity, said method comprising the following steps:
providing a proximal intermediate of a matrix of the metal or metal alloy, in which is dispersed a pore-holding substance; and
contacting the proximal intermediate with a pore-forming substance under conditions such that at least some of the pore-holding substance in the matrix contacted with the pore-forming substance is reduced in size or removed to leave pores in remaining metal or metal alloy to provide the constituent of a metal or metal alloy with pores.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the proximal intermediate is provided from an initial intermediate, by steps further comprising providing the metal or metal alloy, and the pore-holding substance; combining the metal or metal alloy, and the pore-holding substance to form the initial intermediate; and forming from the initial intermediate, the matrix of the metal or metal alloy, in which is dispersed the pore-holding substance.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the forming step includes thermal spraying.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the thermal spraying is conducted under sub-atmospheric conditions.
5 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the initial intermediate includes the metal or metal alloy in powdered form, and the pore-holding substance in powdered form.
6 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the initial intermediate is in a form of a cored wire with the metal or metal alloy forming a sheath around the pore-holding substance, with the pore-holding substance in powdered form.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pore-forming substance is an acid, a base, or other reactive compound or composition.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the pore-forming substance is also a passivating agent.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the constituent of a metal or metal alloy with pores is a coating on a substrate.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the coating and substrate together form an orthopedic implant.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal is aluminum, chromium, cobalt, iron, nickel, tantalum, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, gold, silver or platinum; the metal alloy includes cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum titanium, aluminum or vanadium; the pore-holding substance is a calcium phosphate, a dicalcium phosphate, a tricalcium phosphate, or a magnesium oxide; and the pore-forming substance is an acid.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the constituent of a metal or metal alloy with pores is a coating on a substrate; the coating and substrate together form an orthopedic implant; the metal or metal alloy is or includes titanium; and the acid is nitric acid.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the pores formed have a volume porosity about from 30 to 70 percent, an average pore size about from 100 to 1000 microns, and a thickness of about from 500 to 1500 microns.
14 . An intermediate for making a porous material, said intermediate comprising at least one of the following (A, B):
(A) a first intermediate for making the porous material, which embraces a metal or metal alloy, and a pore-holding substance, wherein at least the pore-holding substance is in a form of a powder, and the first intermediate can be employed to make a second intermediate for the porous material; and
(B) the second intermediate for the porous material, which embraces a matrix of the metal or metal alloy, in which is dispersed the pore-holding substance, wherein the second intermediate can be employed to make the porous material by removing or reducing in size the pore-holding substance in said matrix.
15 . The intermediate of claim 14 , which is the first intermediate, wherein the metal or metal alloy is also in a form of a powder.
16 . The intermediate of claim 15 , wherein the metal or metal alloy, and the pore-holding substance are provided, independently at each occurrence, from the powder sizes or powder size samples as follows:
the metal or metal alloy: about from 35 to 500 um (+35/−400 mesh);
about from 44 to 150 um (+100/−325 mesh); and/or
about from 75 to 175 um (+80/−200 mesh); and
the pore-holding substance: about from 35 to 500 um (+35/−400 mesh);
about from 53 to 350 um (+45/−270 mesh);
about from 63 to 106 um (+140/−230 mesh);
about from 150 um to 200 um (+70/−100 mesh);
about from 180 to 360 um (+45/−80 mesh);
about from 180 to 300 um (+50/−80 mesh); and/or
about 180 um or less (+80 mesh).
17 . The intermediate of claim 14 , which is the first intermediate, wherein the metal or metal alloy is in a form of a sheath for a cored wire, with the pore-holding substance forming a core of the wire.
18 . The intermediate of claim 14 , wherein the metal is aluminum, chromium, cobalt, iron, nickel, tantalum, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, gold, silver or platinum; the metal alloy includes cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum titanium, aluminum or vanadium; and the pore-holding substance is a calcium phosphate, a dicalcium phosphate, a tricalcium phosphate, or a magnesium oxide.
19 . The intermediate of claim 18 , wherein the metal or metal alloy is or includes titanium.
20 . A porous material made with a metal or metal alloy, which comprises a constituent of the metal or metal alloy, which has a suitable pore size and distribution, interconnecting porosity, and other features to distinguish it from prior art—optionally which is made from a method embracing steps of providing a proximal intermediate of a matrix of the metal or metal alloy, in which is dispersed a pore-holding substance; and contacting the proximal intermediate with a pore-forming substance under conditions such that at least some of the pore-holding substance in the matrix contacted with the pore-forming substance is reduced in size or removed to leave pores in remaining metal or metal alloy to provide the constituent of a metal or metal alloy with pores.