Dynamic polarization and coupling control from a steerable cylindrically fed holographic antenna

1. An antenna comprising:

an antenna feed to input a cylindrical feed wave that propagates outwardly and concentrically from the feed; and

a radio-frequency (RF) tunable slotted array of a plurality of surface scattering antenna elements coupled to the antenna feed, wherein the cylindrical feed wave interacts with the RF array to generate a beam, wherein the RF array comprises a plurality of slots oriented at an angle relative to a propagation direction of cylindrical feed wave impinging at a central location of said each slot.

2. The antenna defined in claim 1 wherein the slotted array is dielectrically loaded.

3. The antenna defined in claim 1 further wherein each slot is tuned to provide a desired scattering at a given frequency.

4. The antenna defined in claim 3 wherein each slot of the plurality of slots is oriented either +45 degrees or −45 degrees relative to the cylindrical feed wave impinging at the central location of said each slot, such that the slotted array includes a first set of slots rotated +45 degrees relative to the cylindrical feed wave propagation direction and a second set of slots rotated −45 degrees relative to the propagation direction of the cylindrical feed wave.

5. The antenna defined in claim 1 wherein the slotted array comprises:

a plurality of slots; and

a plurality of patches, wherein each of the patches is co-located over and separated from a slot in the plurality of slots, forming a patch/slot pair, each patch/slot pair being turned off or on based on application of a voltage to the patch in the pair.

6. The antenna defined in claim 5 wherein a dielectric is between each slot of the plurality of slots and its associated patch in the plurality of patches.

7. The antenna defined in claim 6 wherein the dielectric comprises liquid crystal.

8. The antenna defined in claim 6 further comprising a controller that applies a control pattern that controls which patch/slot pairs are on and off, thereby causing generation of a beam.

9. The antenna defined in claim 8 wherein the control pattern turns on only a subset of the patch/slot pairs that are used to generate the beam during a first stage and then turns on the remaining patch/slot pairs that are used to generate the beam during a second stage.

10. The antenna defined in claim 5 wherein the plurality of patches are positioned in a plurality of rings, the plurality of rings being concentrically located relative to the antenna feed of the slotted array.

11. The antenna defined in claim 5 wherein the plurality of patches is included in a patch board.

12. The antenna defined in claim 5 wherein the plurality of patches are included in a glass layer.

13. The antenna defined in claim 1 further comprising a dielectric layer into which the cylindrical feed wave travels.

14. The antenna defined in claim 13 further comprising:

a ground plane;

a coaxial pin coupled to the ground plane to input the feed wave into the antenna, wherein the dielectric layer is between the ground plane and the slotted array.

15. The antenna defined in claim 14 further comprising at least one RF absorber coupled to the ground plane and the slotted array to terminate unused energy to prevent reflections of the unused energy back through the antenna.

16. The antenna defined in claim 14 further comprising:

an interstitial conductor, wherein the dielectric layer is between the interstitial conductor and the slotted array;

a spacer between the interstitial conductor and the ground plane; and

a side area coupling the ground plane to the slotted array.

17. The antenna defined in claim 16 wherein the side area comprises two sides, each of the two side areas angled to cause the feed wave to propagate from the spacer layer of the feed to the dielectric layer of the feed.

18. The antenna defined in claim 16 wherein the spacer comprises foam.

19. The antenna defined in claim 13 wherein the dielectric layer comprises plastic.

20. The antenna defined in claim 13 wherein the dielectric layer is tapered.

21. The antenna defined in claim 13 wherein the dielectric layer includes a plurality of areas that have different dielectric constants.

22. The antenna defined in claim 13 wherein the dielectric layer includes a plurality of distributed structures that affect propagation of the feed wave.

23. The antenna defined in claim 1 further comprising a ridged feed network into which the cylindrical feed wave travels.

24. An antenna comprising:

an antenna feed to input a cylindrical feed wave that propagates concentrically from the feed;

a dielectric layer through which the feed wave travels;

a plurality of slots oriented at an angle relative to a propagation direction of cylindrical feed wave;

a plurality of patches, wherein each of the patches is co-located over and separated from a slot in the plurality of slots using a liquid crystal layer and forming a patch/slot pair, each patch/slot pair being turned off or on based on application of a voltage to the patch in the pair specified by a control pattern, wherein the cylindrical feed wave interacts with patch/slot pairs to generate a beam when the cylindrical feed wave impinges at a central location of said each slot.

25. The antenna defined in claim 24 further comprising a controller operable to apply a control pattern that controls which patch/slot pairs are on and off to cause generation of the beam, the controller operable to adjust an interference pattern to provide arbitrary antenna radiation patterns by identifying the interference pattern corresponding to a selected beam pattern and then adjusting the voltage across the patch/slot pairs to produce the beam.