Precision dialysis monitoring and synchronization system
A device, system and related methods for monitoring a mammal with heart failure, kidney disease or both, to make predictions about the likelihood of a life threatening ventricular arrhythmia. The device, system and related methods can have one or more sensors in electronic communication with a processor, the sensors determining one or more physiological parameters of a patient, and communicating the physiological parameter to the processor, and the processors using an algorithm to determine the probability of a ventricular arrhythmia based on the physiological parameters.
1. A method for determining a total hazard estimate of a life threatening ventricular arrhythmia, comprising the steps of:
obtaining one or more physiological parameters of a patient from one or more sensors;
communicating the physiological parameters to a medical device processor;
wherein the medical device processor utilizes an algorithm to determine a total hazard estimate of a ventricular arrhythmia based on the one or more physiological parameters, wherein the algorithm, for each of the one or more physiological parameters of a patient, calculates an individual hazard estimate given by y 1 (t)=h 1 (t)⊗x 1 (t), wherein h 1 (t)=k 1 e k 2 t , t is time, y 1 (t) is the individual hazard estimate at time t, k 1 and k 2 are constants for the given parameter, x 1 (t) is the physiological parameter at time t, and ⊗ is a convolution operator, wherein the algorithm calculates the total hazard estimate which is either a linear or nonlinear summation of individual hazard estimates, and wherein the algorithm utilizes an adaptive filter to alter each of the constants periodically;
wherein the one or more physiological parameters include at least one of sleep pattern, heart rate change during dialysis, fluid removed during dialysis session, and sodium level;
wherein the medical device processor is configured to provide an adjustment of a future dialysis prescription for the patient based on the total hazard estimate; and
wherein the medical device processor determines whether an arrhythmia is due to any one of fluid management, electrolyte management, or both fluid management and electrolyte management.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the physiological parameters further comprise one or more of number of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation events per day, time spent in atrial fibrillation, tissue impedance, potassium level, and information about the dialysis status data.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the information about the dialysis status data is entered manually.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein the information about the dialysis status data is communicated to the medical device processor from an electronic medical record.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one of the physiological parameters is obtained from a sensor that is a component of an implantable medical device.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the medical device processor further comprises a signaling mechanism to signal if the total hazard estimate is greater than a pre-set value.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the convolution operator is defined by [h 1 ⊗x 1 ](n)=Σ m=−∞ +∞ h 1 (m)x 1 (n−m), wherein n is time, h 1 (n)=k 1 e k 2 n , x 1 (n) is the physiological parameter at time n, and k 1 and k 2 are constants for the given parameter.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the algorithm further calculates the total hazard estimate by a linear summation according to a first total hazard function: f(t)=Σ m=1 y m (t), wherein f(t) is the total hazard at time t, y m (t) is an individual hazard estimate for parameter m at time t, and n is the number of physiological parameters used.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the algorithm further calculates the total hazard estimate by a non-linear summation according to a second total hazard function:
f
(
t
)
=
(
1
1
+
e
-
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∑
m
=
1
n
y
m
(
t
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wherein f(t) is the total hazard at time t, y m (t) is an individual hazard estimate for parameter m at time t, k 9 is an offset coefficient, and n is the number of physiological parameters used.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising the step of entering actual results at time t for the patient into the medical device processor, and the algorithm further calculates a total error as the difference between the total hazard and the actual results at time t, and the algorithm further adjusts each of the coefficients to minimize the error.
11. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of entering actual results at time t for a group of patients into the medical device processor, and the algorithm further calculates a total error as the difference between the total hazard and the actual results for the group of patients at time t, and the algorithm further adjusts each the coefficients for each patient to minimize the error.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the algorithm utilizes the adaptive filter to alter the coefficients for each patient every 14 days.
13. A device, comprising:
one or more sensors in electronic communication with a medical device processor; wherein the one or more sensors are configured to obtain one or more physiological parameters of a patient and communicate the one or more physiological parameters to the medical device processor; and
the medical device processor configured to use an algorithm to determine a total hazard estimate of a ventricular arrhythmia based on the one or more physiological parameters, wherein the algorithm, for each of the one or more physiological parameters of a patient, calculates an individual hazard estimate given by y 1 (t)=h 1 (t)⊗x 1 (t), wherein h 1 (t)=k 1 e k 2 t , t is time, y 1 (t) is the individual hazard estimate at time t, k 1 and k 2 are constants for the given parameter, x 1 (t) is the physiological parameter at time t, and ⊗ is a convolution operator, wherein the algorithm calculates the total hazard estimate which is either a linear or nonlinear summation of individual hazard estimates, and wherein the algorithm utilizes an adaptive filter to alter each of the constants periodically;
wherein the one or more physiological parameters include at least one of sleep pattern, heart rate change during dialysis, fluid removed during dialysis session, and sodium level;
wherein the medical device processor is configured to provide an adjustment of a future dialysis prescription for the patient based on the total hazard estimate;
wherein the medical device processor determines whether an arrhythmia is due to any one of fluid management, electrolyte management, or both fluid management and electrolyte management.
14. The device of claim 13 , wherein the convolution operator is defined by
[
h
1
⊗
x
1
]
(
n
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=
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=
-
∞
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1
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m
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x
1
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n
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m
)
,
wherein n is time, h 1 (n)=k 1 e k 2 n , x 1 (n) is the physiological parameter at time n, and k 1 and k 2 are constants for the given parameter.
15. The device of claim 14 , wherein the algorithm further calculates the total hazard estimate by a linear summation according to a first total hazard function: f(t)=Σ m=1 y m (t), wherein f(t) is the total hazard at time t, y m (t) is an individual hazard estimate for parameter m at time t, and n is the number of physiological parameters used.
16. The device of claim 14 , wherein the algorithm further calculates the total hazard estimate by a non-linear summation according to a second total hazard function:
f
(
t
)
=
(
1
1
+
e
-
(
∑
m
=
1
n
y
m
(
t
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)
)
+
k
9
wherein f(t) is the total hazard at time t, y m (t) is an individual hazard estimate for parameter m at time t, k 9 is an offset coefficient, and n is the number of physiological parameters used.
17. The device of claim 16 , wherein the device is configured for entering actual results at time t for the patient into the medical device processor, and the processor is configured to use the algorithm to further calculate a total error as the difference between the total hazard and the actual results at time t, and the algorithm further adjusts each of k 1 , k 2 , and k 9 to minimize the error.
18. The device of claim 13 , wherein the physiological parameters further comprise any one of selected from the group consisting of number of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation events per day, time spent in atrial fibrillation, tissue impedance, potassium level, and dialysis status data.
19. The device of claim 13 , wherein the processor is configured to utilize an Amoeba algorithm to set initial values for the constants for at least four different medical parameters.
20. The device of claim 13 , wherein the processor is configured to receive data of the at least one physiological parameter continuously or in pre-programmed time intervals and wherein the adaptive filter uses the data from any number of days to make dynamic determination of the constants.