Monolithic ultrasonic imaging devices, systems and methods
To implement a single-chip ultrasonic imaging solution, on-chip signal processing may be employed in the receive signal path to reduce data bandwidth and a high-speed serial data module may be used to move data for all received channels off-chip as digital data stream. The digitization of received signals on-chip allows advanced digital signal processing to be performed on-chip, and thus permits the full integration of an entire ultrasonic imaging system on a single semiconductor substrate. Various novel waveform generation techniques, transducer configuration and biasing methodologies, etc., are likewise disclosed. HIFU methods may additionally or alternatively be employed as a component of the “ultrasound-on-a-chip” solution disclosed herein.
1. An ultrasound device, comprising:
a single solid state semiconductor die with the following components formed thereon:
a plurality of ultrasound elements including a first ultrasound element having at least one first capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) and a second ultrasound element having at least one second CMUT;
a first programmable waveform generator coupled to the first ultrasound element and configured to provide a first ultrasound waveform to the first CMUT, the first programmable waveform generator having one or more configurable operating parameters;
a second programmable waveform generator coupled to the second ultrasound element and configured to provide a second ultrasound waveform to the second CMUT, the second programmable waveform generator having one or more configurable operating parameters;
a controller configured to control values of a first configurable operating parameter of the first programmable waveform generator and a second configurable operating parameter of the second programmable waveform generator;
a first analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the first ultrasound element and configured to convert an analog signal provided by the first ultrasound element into a digital signal;
a second ADC coupled to the second ultrasound element and configured to convert an analog signal provided by the second ultrasound element into a digital signal; and
a digital serial communication module configured to communicate a serial digital stream of data that includes the digital signals from the first and second ADCs from the ultrasound device to an external device.
2. The ultrasound device of claim 1 , wherein the digital serial communication module is a universal serial bus (USB) module.
3. The ultrasound device of claim 1 , wherein the first programmable waveform generator is programmable to produce a chirp, a continuous wave, a coded excitation, or an impulse.
4. The ultrasound device of claim 3 , wherein the one or more configurable operating parameters of the first programmable waveform generator include a phase, a frequency, and a chirp rate.
5. The ultrasound device of claim 1 , wherein the first programmable waveform generator is disposed within the single solid state semiconductor die beneath the first CMUT.
6. The ultrasound device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of ultrasound elements comprises at least some ultrasound elements configured to provide high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).
7. The ultrasound device of claim 6 , further comprising a pulser coupled between the first programmable waveform generator and the first CMUT and configured to provide voltage pulses to the first CMUT, at least some of the voltage pulses having a voltage between approximately 30 Volts and approximately 120 Volts.
8. The ultrasound device of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of ultrasound elements comprises at least some ultrasound elements configured to perform ultrasound imaging.
9. The ultrasound device of claim 1 , further comprising a pulser coupled between the first programmable waveform generator and the first CMUT and configured to provide voltage pulses to the first CMUT.
10. The ultrasound device of claim 1 , further comprising a shift register coupled to an input of the first programmable waveform generator and configured to provide a timing control signal to the first programmable waveform generator.
11. An ultrasound system comprising:
the ultrasound device of claim 1 ; and
the external device,
wherein the ultrasound device is coupled to the external device and the external device comprises a tablet computer.
12. An ultrasound system comprising:
the ultrasound device of claim 1 ; and
the external device,
wherein the ultrasound device is coupled to the external device and the external device comprises a smartphone.
13. The ultrasound device of claim 1 , wherein the first ADC forms part of a receive signal path between the first CMUT and the digital serial communication module, and wherein the receive signal path further comprises a demodulator coupled to the first ADC.
14. The ultrasound device of claim 13 , wherein the demodulator is a digital quadrature demodulator that is coupled to an output of the first ADC.
15. The ultrasound device of claim 13 , wherein the receive signal path further comprises a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a variable gain amplifier (VGA) coupled to an input of the demodulator.
16. The ultrasound device of claim 13 , wherein the receive signal path further comprises a decimating low-pass filter coupled to the demodulator.
17. The ultrasound device of claim 13 , further comprising an averaging circuit coupled to an output of the demodulator.
18. The ultrasound device of claim 1 , wherein the first programmable waveform generator is programmable to produce a continuous wave, a coded excitation, and an impulse.