Compounds for treating inflammation and pain

1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound of A or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein the compound has at least 90% (w/w) purity, and the composition is in a topical form of gels, creams, lotions, ointments, or patches.

2. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim l, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is an emollient selected from the group consisting of: lauryl lactate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, caprylic/capric triglyceride, octisalate, silicone fluid, squalene, and sunflower oil.

3. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is a permeation enhancer selected from the group consisting of lactate esters and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.

4. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3 , further comprising acrylates/C10-30 alkyl and tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine.

5. A method of treating inflammation or pain, comprising the steps of:

topically identifying a subject suffering from inflammation or pain, and

administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , in an amount effective to treat inflammation or pain.

6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said method reduces or alleviates the symptoms of localized manifestations of inflammation characterized by acute or chronic swelling, pain, or redness.

7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said inflammation and/or pain is associated with a skeletal or muscular disease or condition selected from the group consisting of: musculoskeletal sprains, musculoskeletal strains, tendonopathy, peripheral radiculopathy, osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, juvenile arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, system lupus erythematosus, costochondritis, tendonitis, bursitis, temporomandibular joint syndrome, and fibromyalgia.

8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said inflammation and/or pain is associated with joints, ligaments, tendons, bone, muscles, or fascia.

9. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said inflammation and/or pain is associated with dermatitis or psoriasis.

10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein said dermatitis is atopic dermatitis or contact dermatitis.

11. A method of treating an inflammatory skin disease or disorder, comprising the steps of:

identifying a subject suffering from an inflammatory skin disease or disorder, and

administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , in an amount effective to treat the inflammatory skin disease or disorder, wherein the inflammatory skin disease or disorder is dermatitis, psoriasis, or acne.

12. The method according to claim 11 , for treating atopic dermatitis and alleviating one or more symptoms selected from the group consisting of erythema, induration, lichenification, scaling, and oozing and crusting.

13. The method according to claim 11 , for treating psoriasis and alleviating one or more symptoms selected from the group consisting of erythema, scaling, and/or thickness of the psoriasis lesions.

14. The method according to claim 11 , for treating acne and alleviating acne lesions selected from the groups consisting of closed comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts.

15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound of A or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein the compound has at least 90% (w/w) purity, and the composition is in an oral form of tablets, capsules, or syrup.

16. A method of treating inflammation or pain, comprising the steps of:

identifying a subject suffering from inflammation or pain, and

orally administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of claim 15 , in an amount effective to treat inflammation or pain.

17. The method according to claim 15 , wherein said method reduces or alleviates the symptoms of localized manifestations of inflammation characterized by acute or chronic swelling, pain, or redness.

18. The method according to claim 15 , wherein said inflammation and/or pain is associated with a skeletal or muscular disease or condition selected from the group consisting of: musculoskeletal sprains, musculoskeletal strains, tendonopathy, peripheral radiculopathy, osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, juvenile arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, system lupus erythematosus, costochondritis, tendonitis, bursitis, temporomandibular joint syndrome, and fibromyalgia.

19. The method according to claim 15 , wherein said inflammation and/or pain is associated with joints, ligaments, tendons, bone, muscles, or fascia.

20. The method according to claim 15 , wherein said inflammation and/or pain is associated with dermatitis or psoriasis.

21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein said dermatitis is atopic dermatitis or contact dermatitis.

22. A method of treating an inflammatory skin disease or disorder, comprising the steps of:

identifying a subject suffering from an inflammatory skin disease or disorder, and

administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of claim 15 , in an amount effective to treat the inflammatory skin disease or disorder, wherein the inflammatory skin disease or disorder is dermatitis, psoriasis, or acne.

23. The method according to claim 22 , for treating atopic dermatitis and alleviating one or more symptoms selected from the group consisting of erythema, induration, lichenification, scaling, and oozing and crusting.

24. The method according to claim 22 , for treating psoriasis and alleviating one or more symptoms selected from the group consisting of erythema, scaling, and/or thickness of the psoriasis lesions.

25. The method according to claim 23 , for treating acne and alleviating acne lesions selected from the groups consisting of closed comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts.