NON-AQUEOUS METAL CATALYTIC COMPOSITION WITH OXYAZINIUM PHOTOREDUCING AGENT
A non-aqueous metal catalytic composition includes (a) a silver complex comprising reducible silver ions, (b) an organic phosphite, (c) an oxyazinium salt silver ion photoreducing agent, (d) a hindered pyridine, (e) a photocurable component, a non-curable polymer, or combination of a photocurable component and a non-curable polymer, and (f) a photo sensitizer different from all components (a) through (e) in the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition, in an amount of at least 1 weight %. This non-aqueous metal catalytic composition can be used to form silver metal particles in situ during suitable reducing conditions. The silver metal can be provided in a suitable layer or pattern on a substrate, which can then be subsequently subjected to electroless plating to form electrically-conductive layers or patterns for use in various articles or as touch screen displays in electronic devices.
1 . A non-aqueous metal catalytic composition comprising:
(a) a silver complex comprising reducible silver ions, in an amount of at least 2 weight %,
(b) an organic phosphite in an amount of at least 2 weight %,
(c) an oxyazinium salt silver ion photoreducing agent in an amount of at least 2 weight %,
(d) a hindered pyridine in an amount of at least 5 weight %,
(e) a photocurable component, non-curable polymer, or combination of a photocurable component and a non-curable polymer, and
(f) a photosensitizer different from all components (a) through (e) in the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition, in an amount of at least 1 weight %,
all amounts being based on the total amount of components (a) through (f) in the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition.
2 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 ,
further comprising an inert organic solvent.
3 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the organic phosphite is represented by the formula:
(R′O) 3 P
wherein the multiple R′ groups are the same or different substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups or substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or two or three R′ groups can form a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic aliphatic ring or fused ring system.
4 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the organic phosphite is trimethyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, tripropyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, triisopropyl phosphite, triisobutyl phosphite, triamyl phosphite, trihexyl phosphite, trioctyl phosphite, trinonyl phosphite, tri-(ethylene glycol)phosphite, tri-(propylene glycol)phosphite, tri(isopropylene glycol) phosphite, tri-(butylene glycol)phosphite, tri-(isobutylene glycol)phosphite, tri-(pentylene glycol)phosphite, tri-(hexylene glycol)phosphite, tri-(nonylene glycol)phosphite, tri-(diethylene glycol)phosphite, tri-(triethylene glycol)phosphite, tri-(polyethylene glycol)phosphite, tri-(polypropylene glycol)phosphite, or tri-(polybutylene glycol)phosphite, or a mixture thereof.
5 . The non-aqueous catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the silver complex is silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver nitrite, silver oxide, silver sulfate, silver thiocyanate, silver carbonate, silver myristate, silver citrate, silver phenylacetate, silver malonate, silver succinate, silver adipate, silver phosphate, silver perchlorate, silver tetrafluoroborate, silver acetylacetonate, silver lactate, silver oxalate, silver 2-phenylpyridine, and derivatives thereof. Other useful silver complexes include silver fluoride complexes such as silver (I) fluorosulfate, silver (I) trifluoroacetate, silver (I) trifluoromethane sulfate, silver (I) pentafluoropropionate, and silver (I) heptafluorobutyrate; β-carbonyl ketone silver (I) complexes, a silver protein, or a combination thereof.
6 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the silver complex is present in an amount of at least 10 weight % and up to and including 25 weight %, based on the total amount of components (a) through (f).
7 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxyazinium salt silver ion photoreducing agent is one or more of the oxyazinium salt compounds OZ-1 through OZ-16 in the following TABLE I:
TABLE I
OZ-1
OZ-2
OZ-3
OZ-4
OZ-5
OZ-6
OZ-7
OZ-8
OZ-9
OZ-10
OZ-11
OZ-12
OZ-13
OZ-14
OZ-15
OZ-16
8 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the photosensitizer is a ketocoumarin, xanthone, thioxanthone, arylketone, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, or combination thereof.
9 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the photocurable component or non-curable polymer acts as an organic solvent medium and no additional inert organic solvents are purposely added to the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition.
10 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxyazinium salt silver ion photoreducing agent is present in an amount of at least 2 weight % and up to and including 25 weight %, based on the total amount of components (a) through (f).
11 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxyazinium salt silver ion photoreducing agent is present in an amount of at least 2 weight % and up to and including 10 weight %, based on the total amount of components (a) through (f).
12 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the hindered pyridine is present in an amount of at least 5 weight % and up to and including 20 weight %, based on the total amount of components (a) through (f).
13 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the photocurable component, non-curable polymer, or combination of a photocurable component and a non-curable polymer is present in an amount of at least 10 weight % and up to and including 88 weight %, based on the total amount of components (a) through (f).
14 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the photocurable component, non-curable polymer, or combination of a photocurable component and a non-curable polymer is present in an amount of at least 10 weight % and up to and including 50 weight %, based on the total amount of components (a) through (f).
15 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the photosensitizer is an electron donor photosensitizer that is present in an amount of at least 1 weight % and up to and including 5 weight %, based on the total amount of components (a) through (f).
16 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , further comprising an inert organic solvent in an amount of at least 20 weight % and up to and including 50 weight %, based on the total weight of the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition.
17 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , further comprising carbon black, graphite, graphene, or carbon nanotubes.
18 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , further comprising carbon-coated metal particles.
19 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 1 , comprising:
(a) the silver complex comprising reducible silver ions, present in an amount of at least 2 weight % and up to and including 90 weight %,
(b) the organic phosphite present in an amount of at least 2 weight % and up to and including 10 weight %,
(c) the oxyazinium salt silver ion photoreducing agent in an amount of at least 2 weight % and up to and including 10 weight %,
(d) the hindered pyridine present in an amount of at least 5 weight % and up to and including 20 weight %,
(e) the photocurable component, non-curable polymer, or combination of a photocurable component and non-curable polymer, present in an amount of at least 10 weight % and up to and including 88 weight %, and
(f) the photosensitizer present in an amount of at least 1 weight % and up to and including 10 weight %,
all amounts based on the total amount of components (a) through (f) in the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition.
20 . The non-aqueous metal catalytic composition of claim 19 , further comprising an inert organic solvent.