Forming silver catalytic sites from reducible silver-oximes
A non-aqueous metal catalytic composition includes (a) a complex of silver and an oxime comprising reducible silver ions in an amount of at least 2 weight %, (b) a silver ion photoreducing composition in an amount of at least 1 weight %, and (c) a photocurable component, a non-curable polymer, or a combination of a photocurable component and a non-curable polymer. This non-aqueous metal catalytic composition can be used to form silver metal particles in situ during suitable reducing conditions. The silver metal can be provided in a suitable layer or pattern on a substrate, which can then be subsequently subjected to electroless plating to form electrically-conductive layers or patterns for use in various articles or as touch screen displays in electronic devices.
1. A method for providing an article, comprising:
providing a metal catalytic pattern composed of a non-aqueous metal catalytic composition on a substrate, the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition comprising, in admixture:
(a) a silver-oxime complex comprising reducible silver ions, in an amount of at least 2 weight % and up to and including 25 weight %,
(b) a silver ion photoreducing composition in an amount of at least 1 weight % and up to and including 10 weight %, and
(c) a photocurable component, a non-curable polymer, or a combination of a photocurable component and a non-curable polymer in an amount of at least 10 weight % and up to and including 90 weight %,
all amounts being based on the total amount of components (a) through (c) in the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition,
to provide a precursor article comprising the metal catalytic pattern composed of the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition,
wherein the silver-oxime complex is represented by the following Structure (I):
wherein R 1 is H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group;
R 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group; or
R 1 and R 2 are linked to form a saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring or R 2 and Q are linked to form a saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring;
R 3 is H or a substituted or unsubstituted CO-alkyl group wherein the alkyl group has 1 to 12 carbon atoms;
Q is OH or OR wherein R is an alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms;
X is a coordinating or non-coordinating anion such as NO 3 − , ClO 4 − , BF 4 − , SbF 6 − , PF 6 − , CH 3 SO 3 − , or F 3 CSO 3 − ; and
n is 1 or 2.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
photoreducing the reducible silver ions to silver particles in the metal catalytic pattern.
3. The method of claim 2 , comprising:
photoreducing the reducible silver ions to silver particles in the metal catalytic pattern in the presence of oxygen.
4. The method of claim 2 , comprising:
photoreducing the reducible silver ions to silver particles in the metal catalytic pattern by imagewise exposure of the precursor article to radiation having a wavelength of at least 250 nm and up to and including 700 nm.
5. The method of claim 2 , comprising:
photoreducing the reducible silver ions to silver particles having an average particle size of at least 10 nm and up to and including 1000 nm and at least 80% of the number of the silver particles have a particle size of at least 10 nm and up to and including 100 nm.
6. The method of claim 2 , further comprising, after photoreducing the reducible silver ions to silver particles:
electrolessly plating a metal other than silver onto the silver particles in the metal catalytic pattern.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silver ion photoreducing composition comprises a free radical photoinitiator.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition further comprises an inert organic solvent.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the photocurable component or non-curable polymer acts as an organic solvent medium and no inert organic solvents are purposely added to the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition comprises a mixture of:
wherein, when component (c) comprises a free radically polymerizable material, the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition further comprises a free radical photoinitiator.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition further comprises an inert organic solvent.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal catalytic pattern is provided on the substrate by inkjet printing or flexographic printing.
13. A method for providing an article, comprising:
providing a metal catalytic pattern composed of a non-aqueous metal catalytic composition on a substrate, the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition comprising, in admixture:
(a) a silver-oxime complex comprising reducible silver ions, in an amount of at least 2 weight % and up to and including 25 weight %,
(b) a silver ion photoreducing composition in an amount of at least 1 weight % and up to and including 10 weight %, and
(c) a photocurable component, a non-curable polymer, or a combination of a photocurable component and a non-curable polymer in an amount of at least 10 weight % and up to and including 90 weight %,
all amounts being based on the total amount of components (a) through (c) in the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition,
to provide a precursor article comprising the metal catalytic pattern composed of the non-aqueous metal catalytic composition,
wherein the silver-oxime complex is one or more of the following AgOx-1 through AgOx-9: