Wavefront correction for ophthalmic surgical lasers

1. A surgical laser system, comprising:

a laser engine, configured to generate a laser beam of laser pulses;

a proximal optics and a distal optics, together configured

to direct the laser beam to a target region within an eye, and

to scan the laser beam in the target region through a scanning-point sequence;

an aberration sensor, configured to sense aberration by an aberration layer, wherein the aberration layer comprises a boundary of a cornea of the eye, and wherein the aberration sensor comprises an optical coherence tomographic (OCT) imaging system configured to sense aberration by generating an in-depth image of the cornea that includes the aberration layer;

a compensation controller, coupled to the aberration sensor and comprising an image processor, configured to:

determine, from the image generated by the OCT imaging system, an aberration optical path length or aberration phase shift ΔS(r a ) for a plurality of aberration points r a ;

identify, for each of the plurality of aberration points r a , a corresponding conjugate compensation point r e based on a mapping which accounts for magnification, demagnification, or spatial distortion of the aberration layer,

determine, for each conjugate compensation point r c , an aberration-compensating phase shift ΔS(r c (r a ))=ΔS(r a ); and

for each compensation point r c , generate a phase compensation control signal based on the determined aberration-compensating phase shift ΔS(r c (r a )) to cause a spatial phase compensator to alter a phase of the laser beam independently at each compensation point r c ; and

the spatial phase compensator, positioned between the proximal optics and the distal optics, at a conjugate aberration surface, conjugate to the aberration layer, and coupled to the compensation controller, configured

to receive the phase compensation control signal for each compensation point r c , and

to alter a phase of the laser beam independently at each compensation point r c to compensate the sensed aberration.

2. The surgical laser system of claim 1 , wherein:

the distal optics includes a patient interface with a contact lens, and

the aberration layer has a fixed relationship with the contact lens.

3. The surgical laser system of claim 2 , wherein:

the aberration layer tracks a distal surface of the contact lens at a distance between 0.1 mm-1 mm.

4. The surgical laser system of claim 1 , wherein:

at least one of the distal optics and the proximal optics is designed so that the conjugate aberration surface is essentially flat.

5. The surgical laser system of claim 1 , wherein:

the aberration sensor and the compensation controller are integrated into an aberration controller.

6. The surgical laser system of claim 1 , wherein:

the compensation controller is configured to generate the phase compensation control signals before the proximal optics and the distal optics scan the laser beam in the target region.

7. The surgical laser system of claim 1 , wherein:

the phase compensation control signals are the same for at least two different scanning points.

8. The surgical laser system of claim 1 , wherein:

the phase compensation control signals are independent from a scanning point for an interval of the scanning points.

9. The surgical laser system of claim 1 , wherein:

the spatial phase compensator is configured to alter a phase of the laser beam at a particular compensation point r c for at least two different scanning points.

10. The surgical laser system of claim 1 , wherein:

the spatial phase compensator is configured to alter a phase of the laser beam at a particular compensation point r c independent from a scanning point for an interval of the scanning points.

11. The surgical laser system of claim 1 , wherein:

the proximal optics comprises

an XY scanner, and

the distal optics comprises

a Z scanner, and

an objective.

12. The surgical laser system of claim 1 , wherein:

the proximal optics comprises

a beam expander, and

the distal optics comprises

an XY scanner,

a Z scanner, and

an objective.

13. The surgical laser system of claim 1 , the spatial phase compensator comprising:

at least one of a transmissive system, an absorptive system and a reflective system.

14. The surgical laser system of claim 13 , the spatial phase compensator comprising:

an array of electronically controllable electro-optical beam modulators.

15. The surgical laser system of claim 13 , the spatial phase compensator comprising:

an array of electronically controllable liquid crystal display elements.

16. The surgical laser system of claim 13 , the spatial phase compensator comprising:

an array of electronically controllable micro-reflectors.

17. The surgical laser system of claim 13 , the spatial phase compensator comprising:

an array of electronically controllable pixels.

18. The surgical laser system of claim 13 , wherein:

the compensation controller and a scanning controller are separate.

19. A method of reducing aberrations in a surgical laser system, the method comprising:

generating, with an optical coherence tomographic (OCT) imaging system, an in-depth image of an aberration layer, the aberration layer comprising cornea of an eye;

determining, by a compensation controller coupled to the aberration sensor, an aberration optical path length or aberration phase shift ΔS(r a ) for a plurality of aberration points r a from the generated image;

identifying, by the compensation controller, for each of the plurality of aberration points r a , a corresponding conjugate compensation point r c based on a mapping which accounts for magnification, demagnification, or spatial distortion of the aberration layer,

determining, by the compensation controller, for each conjugate compensation point r c , an aberration-compensating phase shift ΔS(r c (r a ))=ΔS(r a );

generating, by the compensation controller, a phase compensation control signal for each compensation point r c based on the aberration characteristic aberration-compensating phase shift ΔS(r c (r a )); and

altering a phase of a scanned laser beam at each compensation point r c according to the phase compensation control signals to compensate the sensed aberration by a spatial phase compensator,

positioned between the proximal optics and the distal optics, at a conjugate aberration surface, conjugate to the aberration layer, and

coupled to the compensation controller to receive the phase compensation control signals.