Hand-held medical-data capture-device having optical detection of vital signs from multiple filters and interoperation with electronic medical record systems
In one implementation, an apparatus estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point is described, estimates temperature from a digital infrared sensor and determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer, or determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer and estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point; after which the estimated and/or determined information is transmitted to an external database.
1. An apparatus of variation amplification to communicate biological vital signs, the apparatus comprising:
a microprocessor that is programmed to execute:
a cropper that is operable to receive at least two images and that is operable to crop each of the images to exclude a border area of the images, generating at least two cropped images;
a skin-pixel-identifier that is operably coupled to the cropper and that identifies pixel values that are representative of skin in the at least two cropped images, generating identified skin pixels;
a spatial bandpass filter that is operably coupled to the skin-pixel-identifier and that processes the identified skin pixels, generating spatial bandpassed filtered identified pixel values of skin;
a regional facial clusterial module that is operably coupled to the spatial bandpass filter and that applies spatial clustering to the spatial bandpassed filtered identified pixel values of skin, generating spatial clustered spatial bandpassed identified pixel values of skin;
a temporal bandpass filter that is operably coupled to the regional facial clusterial module and that is applied to the spatial clustered spatial bandpassed identified pixel values of skin, generating temporal bandpass filtered spatial clustered spatial bandpass filtered identified pixel values of skin;
a temporal-variation identifier that is operably coupled to the temporal bandpass filter and that identifies a temporal variation of the temporal bandpass filtered spatial clustered spatial bandpass filtered identified pixel values of skin;
a vital-sign generator that is operably coupled to the temporal-variation identifier that generates at least one vital sign from the temporal variation; and
a wireless communication subsystem that is operably coupled to the microprocessor and that is operable to transmit a representation of the at least one vital sign.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the regional facial clusterial module further comprises:
a fuzzy clusterer.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the regional facial clusterial module further comprises:
a K-cluster.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the regional facial clusterial module further comprises:
an expectation-maximizer.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the regional facial clusterial module further comprises:
a seed point based clustering apparatus.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a storage device that is operably coupled to the vital-sign generator and that is operable to store the at least one vital sign in a nonvolatile memory.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a storage device that is operably coupled to the vital-sign generator and that is operable to transmit the at least one vital sign to another apparatus.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the vital sign further comprises blood pressure.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a camera operably coupled to the microprocessor and operable to capture the at least two images to a microprocessor through a memory.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising
an infrared sensor operably coupled to the microprocessor,
wherein the microprocessor is operable to receive from the infrared sensor a signal that is representative of an infrared signal detected by the infrared sensor and the microprocessor is operable to determine a temperature from the signal that is representative of the infrared signal,
wherein the temperature further comprises a body core temperature and wherein determining the body core temperature is based on a cubic relationship representing three thermal ranges between a numerical representation of electromagnetic energy of an external source point and the body core temperature, wherein the cubic relationship includes a coefficient representative of different relationships between the external source point and the body core temperature in the three thermal ranges.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the infrared sensor further comprises:
a digital infrared sensor operably coupled to the microprocessor, the digital infrared sensor having only digital readout ports, the digital infrared sensor having no analog sensor readout ports.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the vital sign further comprises blood-flow and the vital-sign generator further comprises:
a blood-flow-analyzer module that analyzes the temporal variation to identify motion changes and color changes in skin of the images to generate a pattern of flow of blood.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising:
a blood-flow display module that is operably coupled to the vital-sign generator and operably coupled to a display device that displays the pattern of flow of blood on the display device.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the vital sign further comprises a heartrate and the vital-sign generator further comprises:
a heartrate-analyzer module that analyzes the temporal variation to generate the heartrate.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the heartrate is generated from a frequency spectrum of the temporal variation in a frequency range for heart beats.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the wireless communication subsystem transmits to a static Internet Protocol address in order to reduce Internet Protocol discovery burden on the apparatus.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the apparatus does not support specific discovery protocols or domain name service.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a connection is established and data is pushed from the apparatus through the wireless communication subsystem, thereafter an external device controls flow of the data between the apparatus and the external device, wherein the connection further comprises: an authenticated communication channel.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 , the wireless communication subsystem is configured to operate on a specific segment of a network.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the wireless communication subsystem further comprises:
a component that is operable to transmit a representation of date and time, operator identification, patient identification and manufacturer, model number and firmware revision of the apparatus.