Low-cost driver circuit with improved power factor
A driver circuit for powering a load is disclosed. The driver circuit includes an input for receiving for connection to a source of AC power, and a rectifier for converting the AC power from the input into DC power. The driver circuit also include a voltage bus filter, a high-frequency oscillator for generating a high-frequency AC signal, a resonant driver, a feedback circuit, and a high-frequency DC rectifier. The voltage bus filter smoothens the DC power from the rectifier, and includes at least one capacitor. The resonant driver is in electrical communication with the high-frequency oscillator, and limits a current of the high-frequency AC signal and produces a limited output voltage based on the high-frequency AC signal. The feedback circuit is in electrical communication with the resonant driver and the voltage bus filter, and maintains a charge on the capacitor of the voltage bus filter.
1. A driver circuit for powering a load, comprising:
an input for receiving for connection to a source of AC power, and a rectifier for converting the AC power from the input into DC power;
a voltage bus filter for smoothening the DC power from the rectifier, the voltage bus filter including at least one capacitor;
a high-frequency oscillator for generating a high-frequency AC signal;
a resonant driver in electrical communication with the high-frequency oscillator, the resonant driver limiting a current of the high-frequency AC signal and producing a limited output voltage based on the high-frequency AC signal;
a feedback circuit in electrical communication with the resonant driver and the voltage bus filter, the feedback circuit maintaining a charge on the at least one capacitor of the voltage bus filter;
a high-frequency DC rectifier in electrical communication with the resonant driver that rectifies the limited output voltage into a DC output voltage including a substantially constant current for powering the load; and
a blocking capacitor in electrical communication with the rectifier, the voltage bus filter, and the high-frequency DC rectifier, the blocking capacitor located between the rectifier and the high-frequency DC rectifier, wherein the blocking capacitor allows for the high-frequency AC signal generated by the high-frequency oscillator to flow to the high-frequency DC rectifier and blocks the DC output voltage generated by the high-frequency DC rectifier from flowing back to the rectifier.
2. The driver circuit recited in claim 1 , wherein the feedback circuit comprises a capacitor that acts as acts as a charge pump that maintains the charge on the at least one capacitor of the voltage bus filter.
3. The driver circuit recited in claim 1 , wherein the rectifier is a high-frequency bridge rectifier including four fast recovery diodes.
4. The driver circuit recited in claim 1 , further comprising two fast recovery diodes located after the rectifier.
5. The driver circuit recited in claim 4 , wherein the rectifier is a standard bridge rectifier.
6. The driver circuit recited in claim 4 , wherein the feedback circuit comprises a capacitor, and wherein the capacitor is connected in parallel with one of the two fast recovery diodes.
7. The driver circuit recited in claim 1 , wherein the high-frequency oscillator includes an upper switching element and a lower switching element that are connected in a cascade arrangement.
8. The driver circuit recited in claim 7 , wherein the upper switching element and the lower switching element are both bipolar junction transistors (BJTs).
9. The driver circuit recited in claim 1 , comprising a start-up circuit including a resistor, a diode, a diac, and a capacitor.
10. The driver circuit recited in claim 9 , wherein the capacitor of the start-up circuit is charged during an initial start-up of the driver circuit until the diac reaches a breakover voltage.
11. The driver circuit recited in claim 1 , comprising a transformer including a first winding, a second winding, and a third winding, and wherein the first winding and the second winding include opposite polarities.
12. The driver circuit recited in claim 11 , wherein the resonant drive circuit includes a capacitor and an inductor, wherein the capacitor is connected in series with the third winding of the transformer, and wherein an inductance of the inductor and a capacitance of the capacitor are selected such that as an overall gain of the driver circuit decreases a frequency of operation also decreases.
13. A driver circuit for powering at least one light emitting diode (LED) in a non-dimming application, comprising:
an input for receiving for connection to a source of AC power, and a rectifier for converting the AC power from the input into DC power;
a voltage bus filter for smoothening the DC power from the rectifier, the voltage bus filter including at least one capacitor;
a high-frequency oscillator for generating a high-frequency AC signal;
a resonant driver in electrical communication with the high-frequency oscillator, the resonant driver limiting a current of the high-frequency AC signal and producing a limited output voltage based on the high-frequency AC signal;
a feedback circuit in electrical communication with the resonant driver and the voltage bus filter, the feedback circuit comprising a capacitor that acts as acts as a charge pump that maintains a charge on the at least one capacitor of the voltage bus filter;
a high-frequency DC rectifier in electrical communication with the resonant driver and rectifies the limited output voltage into a DC output voltage including a substantially constant current for powering the LED; and
a blocking capacitor in electrical communication with the rectifier, the voltage bus filter, and the high-frequency DC rectifier, the blocking capacitor located between the rectifier and the high-frequency DC rectifier, wherein the blocking capacitor allows for the high-frequency AC signal generated by the high-frequency oscillator to flow to the high-frequency DC rectifier and blocks the DC output voltage generated by the high-frequency DC rectifier from flowing back to the rectifier.
14. The driver circuit recited in claim 13 , wherein the rectifier is a high-frequency bridge rectifier including four fast recovery diodes.
15. The driver circuit recited in claim 13 , further comprising two fast recovery diodes located after the rectifier.
16. The driver circuit recited in claim 15 , wherein the rectifier is a standard bridge rectifier.
17. The driver circuit recited in claim 15 , wherein the feedback circuit comprises a capacitor, and wherein the capacitor is connected in parallel with one of the two fast recovery diodes.
18. The driver circuit recited in claim 4 , wherein an end of the blocking capacitor is directly connected to the driver circuit at one of the two fast recovery diodes, and a remaining end of the blocking capacitor is connected to the resonant driver.
19. The driver circuit recited in claim 15 , wherein an end of the blocking capacitor is directly connected to the driver circuit at one of the two fast recovery diodes, and a remaining end of the blocking capacitor is connected to the resonant driver.