Firearm with reciprocating bolt assembly
View Patent ↗A semiautomatic firearm with a reciprocating bolt assembly has delayed blowback and a firing pin block. The firearm is particularly suitable for firing necked rimfire cartridges with a high level of reliability. Features prevent out-of-battery firing, when the bolt assembly is not fully engaged to the firing chamber or barrel face, a movable member within a bolt body functions as a blocking member that blocks the firing pin and prevents the firing pin from striking a cartridge. In embodiments, the firing pin has two stop portions that the movable member can engage depending on the cycle status of the firearm. A reverse cam mechanism associated with the firing pin blocking provides a resistance to and delays blowback. The bolt may interface with the necked rimfire cartridge using a undercut engagement on the forward end of the bolt. The semiautomatic firearm also may incorporate one or both of a dual trigger arrangement as part of a trigger and firing mechanism.
1. A semiautomatic firearm, comprising:
a receiver with a barrel extending forwardly therefrom and defining a central axis, the barrel having a firing chamber configured for receiving a necked cartridge, the receiver having a longitudinal cam surface fixed thereon, the cam surface having a first surface with a recess surface displaced outwardly from the first surface defining a recess and an inclined surface extending between the first surface and the recess surface,
a bolt assembly slidably engaged in the receiver and movable forwardly and rearwardly along the central axis and having an in battery position, the bolt assembly comprising:
a bolt body with a forward cartridge receiving region and a firing pin opening extending therethrough and positioned at a periphery of the cartridge receiving region;
a firing pin positioned in the opening and movable within the bolt body in a direction substantially parallel to or coaxial with the central axis; and
a movable blocking member constrained with respect to the bolt body and being movable outwardly and inwardly with respect to the bolt body and transversely of the central axis, the outwardly projectable movable blocking member having a cam follower portion engaging and movable along the longitudinal cam surface, the movable blocking member having a blocking portion for blocking forward movement of the firing pin, a spring providing an outward bias to the blocking member;
wherein when the cam follower portion of the movable blocking member is engaged with the cam surface at the recess, the bolt is in the in-battery position and the blocking portion is not blocking the forward movement of the firing pin, wherein when the cam follower of the movable blocking member is out of the recess, the bolt assembly is out of battery and the blocking portion is positioned for blocking the forward movement of the firing pin in the bolt body, and wherein when the cartridge is fired, the firing causes a rearward force on the bolt that causes the cam follower portion of the movable blocking member to engage the inclined transition surface forcing the movable member inwardly against the outward bias provided by the spring and resistance to the movable member moving out of the recess by said spring delays the blowback of the bolt assembly;
wherein the bolt assembly further comprises a ramp portion movable forwardly and rearwardly with respect to and within the bolt body, wherein an end of the movable blocking member opposite the cam follower portion is engaged with the ramp portion and wherein the spring is connecting with the ramp portion thereby providing the outward bias to the blocking member; and
wherein the firing pin extends through an opening in the movable blocking member and the opening having a reduced size region and an enlarged size region, the reduced size region associated with the movable blocking member blocking the firing pin.
2. The semiautomatic firearm of claim 1 wherein the movable blocking member is slidingly received in and floats within a slot in the bolt body.
3. The semiautomatic firearm of claim 1 wherein the spring also provides a forward bias to the bolt assembly such that as the bolt assembly is forced rearwardly the spring returns the bolt assembly to the in-battery position.
4. The semiautomatic firearm of claim 1 , wherein the spring connecting with the ramp portion is compressed and extends forwardly and rearwardly in the bolt body thereby urging the ramp portion forwardly and thereby urging the movable blocking member outwardly.
5. The semiautomatic firearm of claim 1 , wherein the bolt assembly further comprises a manual handle extending laterally with respect to the bolt body and connecting to the ramp portion whereby the bolt assembly can be moved manually rearwardly for ejecting cartridges.
6. The semiautomatic firearm of claim 1 wherein the cam follower portion of the movable blocking member is substantially flush with a top surface of the bolt body when the bolt assembly is out of battery.
7. The semiautomatic firearm of claim 1 wherein the firing pin has a stop portion that engages the blocking portion of the movable blocking member when the bolt assembly is out of battery.
8. A semiautomatic firearm comprising:
a barrel with a firing chamber, the barrel connecting to a receiver, and a reciprocating bolt assembly in a breach of the receiver;
wherein the bolt assembly comprising an elongate bolt body slidingly engaged with the receiver, a movable blocking member positioned in the bolt body having two ends, an outer end and an inner end, the outer end having a surface for moving engagement with a surface on the receiver as the bolt assembly reciprocates, the movable blocking member movable in a direction transverse to an axis of the reciprocating bolt assembly, wherein the moving engagement with the surface on the receiver by the outer end of the movable blocking member causes the movable blocking member to move inwardly and outwardly as the bolt assembly reciprocates, and wherein the movable blocking member interfaces with a firing pin to alternately block and not block movement of the firing pin as the bolt assembly reciprocates, wherein the inner end of the movable blocking member is part of a reverse cam mechanism providing resistance to movement of the movable blocking member inwardly, wherein the reverse cam mechanism further comprises a ramp portion that is movable longitudinally within the bolt body, wherein the inner end is slidingly engaged with the ramp portion, and wherein the ramp portion is biased to urge the inner end up the ramp and thereby urging the movable blocking member outwardly; and
wherein the firing pin extends through an opening in the movable blocking member and the opening having a reduced size region and an enlarged size region, the reduced size region associated with the movable blocking member blocking the firing pin.
9. The semiautomatic firearm of claim 8 wherein movable blocking member is constrained within but not fastened to the elongate bolt body and wherein the moving engagement of the outer end with the surface on the receiver is a sliding engagement.
10. The semiautomatic firearm of claim 8 , wherein the ramp portion is biased to urge the inner end up the ramp by a spring and the spring further urges the bolt assembly forwardly.
11. The semiautomatic firearm of claim 8 wherein the bolt assembly has an in-battery position and the in-battery position is associated with the movable blocking member being positioned in an outermost position and the movable blocking member not blocking the firing pin.
12. A firearm comprising:
a receiver connecting to a barrel with a firing chamber, a bolt assembly movable along a central axis within the receiver and slidingly engaged therewith, the bolt assembly slidingly movable into and out of an in-battery position, the bolt assembly comprising:
a bolt body with a firing pin extending through the bolt body;
a movable member extending outwardly from the bolt body and engaged with a surface external to the bolt assembly, whereby when the bolt assembly moves, the movable member is movable on the surface between an locked position and a non-locked position with a transition portion therebetween, the transition portion providing retention of the movable member in the locked position whereby the bolt assembly is maintained in the in-battery position and inhibited from moving out of the in-battery position to the non-locked position, the movable member interfering with the firing pin when the bolt assembly in not in the in-battery position, wherein the bolt assembly further comprises a ramp portion movable forwardly and rearwardly with respect to and within the bolt body and wherein an end of the movable member is engaged with the ramp portion, the firearm further comprising a spring connecting with the ramp portion and compressed thereby urging the ramp portion forwardly and urging the movable member up the ramp portion thereby urging the movable member outwardly; and
wherein the firing pin extends through an opening in the movable blocking member and the opening having a reduced size region and an enlarged size region, the reduced size region associated with the movable blocking member blocking the firing in.
13. The firearm of claim 12 wherein the movable member is biased outwardly and the transition portion has an angled surface and the movable member is movable inwardly out of the locked position by rearward movement of the bolt assembly forcing the sliding engagement of the movable member with the angled surface thereby urging the movable member downwardly.
14. The semiautomatic firearm of claim 12 wherein the surface on the receiver is positioned such that when the bolt assembly is in an in battery position, the movable blocking member is in an outwardly position and indexed with a stop surface recess on the receiver.