Plasticized latex formulations for improved pumpability
Hydrocarbon streams, such as crude oil streams, may have reduced drag when an effective amount to reduce drag of a drag reducing composition is added to a liquid hydrocarbon, where the drag reducing composition includes a drag reducing latex comprising at least one plasticizer in an amount effective to improve the ability to pump the latex into a hydrocarbon composition or stream with assured flow of the latex. Latex formulations are known to cause agglomerated particles during pumping operations, and the agglomerated hard particles tend to plug check valves in injection pump equipment, but the inclusion of at least one plasticizer reduces or prevents such problems.
1. A hydrocarbon composition having reduced drag comprising:
a liquid hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of crude oil, heavy oil, gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil, naphtha, asphalt, and mixtures thereof; and
an effective amount of a drag reducing composition to reduce the drag of the liquid hydrocarbon, the drag reducing composition comprising:
a drag reducing latex comprising:
a polymer having at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, C1 to C6 alcohol esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, styrene, acrylic acid, and combinations thereof;
at least one plasticizer in an amount effective to improve the ability to pump the drag reducing latex into the liquid hydrocarbon, where the weight ratio of the at least one plasticizer to drag reducing latex ranges from about 1/99 to about 10/90; and
at least one polyetheramine.
2. The hydrocarbon composition of claim 1 where:
the at least one plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of glycols, polyglycols, glycol ethers, esters, aliphatic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, paraffinic and isoparaffinic solvents, white and mineral spirit blends, aromatic solvents, and combinations thereof.
3. The hydrocarbon composition of claim 1 where the effective amount of the drag reducing composition in the hydrocarbon ranges from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm.
4. The hydrocarbon composition of claim 1 where:
the liquid hydrocarbon is a crude oil with an asphaltene content of at least 3 wt %,
the hydrocarbon composition further comprises at least one diluent, and
the hydrocarbon composition further comprises at least one viscosity reducer,
where the amount of the at least one diluent is reduced as compared to an otherwise identical hydrocarbon composition absent the at least one plasticizer, where the hydrocarbon composition and the otherwise identical hydrocarbon composition have essentially the same drag characteristics when pumped under essentially the same conditions.
5. The hydrocarbon composition of claim 4 where the amount of diluent in the hydrocarbon composition is at least about 2 wt % less than the diluent present in the otherwise identical hydrocarbon composition, where the amount of diluent present in the otherwise identical hydrocarbon composition ranges from 5 wt % to about 30 wt %.
6. The hydrocarbon composition of claim 1 where:
the hydrocarbon composition further comprises at least one diluent selected from the group consisting of gasoline, natural gasoline, naphtha, condensate, and combinations thereof;
the hydrocarbon composition further comprises at least one viscosity reducer selected from the group consisting of phenol formaldehyde resins; phenol formaldehyde resins substituted with alkyl groups ranging from butyl to dodecyl; phenol formaldehyde resins oxyalkylated with an alkylene oxide selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide, glycidyl ethers, diglycidyl ethers and combinations thereof, where the ratio of alkylene oxide to phenol ranges from 1 to 20 per mole of alkylene oxide to phenol; Mannich reaction products; bases selected from the group consisting of imidazolines, polyamines, tetra ethyl pentamine, magnesium overbases; and combinations thereof; and the at least one viscosity reducer is present in an amount from about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm.
7. The hydrocarbon composition of claim 6 where the amount of the at least one plasticizer in the drag reducing latex ranges from about 5 wt % to about 20 wt %, based on the total amount of the drag reducing latex.
8. The hydrocarbon composition of claim 6 where the weight ratio of the drag reducing composition to the viscosity reducer ranges from about 50/50 to about 99.999/0.001.
9. The hydrocarbon composition of claim 1 where the drag reducing latex comprises water and at least one winterizing additive selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
10. A hydrocarbon composition having reduced drag comprising:
a liquid hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of crude oil, heavy oil, gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil, naphtha, asphalt, and mixtures thereof; and
from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm of a drag reducing composition to reduce the drag of the liquid hydrocarbon, the drag reducing composition comprising:
a drag reducing latex comprising:
at least one plasticizer where the weight ratio of the at least one plasticizer to drag reducing latex ranges from about 1/99 to about 10/90; and
at least one polyetheramine;
where:
the drag reducing latex comprises a polymer having acrylic acid and at least one other monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, C1 to C6 alcohol esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, styrene, and combinations thereof; and
the at least one plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of glycols, polyglycols, glycol ethers, esters, aliphatic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, paraffinic and isoparaffinic solvents, white and mineral spirit blends, aromatic solvents, and combinations thereof.
11. A method of preparing a hydrocarbon composition, the method comprising:
forming a drag reducing latex by polymerizing at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, C1 to C6 alcohol esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, styrene, acrylic acid, and combinations thereof to give the drag reducing latex; and
introducing into a liquid hydrocarbon an effective amount of a drag reducing composition to reduce the drag of the liquid hydrocarbon where:
the liquid hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of crude oil, heavy oil, gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil, naphtha, asphalt, and mixtures thereof; and
the drag reducing composition comprises:
the drag reducing latex comprising at least one plasticizer in an amount effective to improve the ability to pump the drag reducing latex into the liquid hydrocarbon composition containing the drag reducing composition, where the weight ratio of the at least one plasticizer to the drag reducing latex ranges from about 1/99 to about 10/90; and
at least one polyetheramine.
12. The method of claim 11 where the method further comprises:
introducing the at least one plasticizer into the drag reducing latex, where the at least one plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of glycols, polyglycols, glycol ethers, esters, aliphatic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, paraffinic and isoparaffinic solvents, white and mineral spirit blends, aromatic solvents, and combinations thereof.
13. The method of claim 11 where the effective amount of the drag reducing latex in the liquid hydrocarbon ranges from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm.
14. The method of claim 11 where the method further comprises:
diluting at least one monomer with at least one plasticizer, where the at least one plasticizer is a solvent for both the at least one monomer and a polymer formed from the monomer, and
polymerizing the at least one monomer in the presence of the at least one plasticizer, where the at least one monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, C1 to C6 alcohol esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, styrene, acrylic acid, and combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 14 where the at least one plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of kerosene, toluene, xylene, C6-C16 alkanes or cycloalkanes, mineral oil solvents, and combinations thereof.
16. The hydrocarbon composition of claim 1 where at least one monomer in the polymer is acrylic acid.
17. The method of claim 11 where at least one monomer in forming the drag reducing latex by polymerizing is acrylic acid.
18. The method of claim 11 where the drag reducing latex comprises water and at least one winterizing additive selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.