Self-shielding flex-circuit drift tube, drift tube assembly and method of making
The present disclosure is directed to an ion mobility drift tube fabricated using flex-circuit technology in which every other drift electrode is on a different layer of the flex-circuit and each drift electrode partially overlaps the adjacent electrodes on the other layer. This results in a self-shielding effect where the drift electrodes themselves shield the interior of the drift tube from unwanted electro-magnetic noise. In addition, this drift tube can be manufactured with an integral flex-heater for temperature control. This design will significantly improve the noise immunity, size, weight, and power requirements of hand-held ion mobility systems such as those used for explosive detection.
1. A drift tube, comprising:
a tube portion comprising:
a top, nonconductive layer;
a flexible, nonconductive substrate comprising a top surface and a bottom surface;
a bottom, nonconductive layer;
wherein the flexible nonconductive substrate is disposed between the top, nonconductive layer and the bottom, nonconductive layer;
a plurality of outer conductive electrodes disposed on and in contact with the top surface of the flexible, nonconductive substrate in the tube portion; and
a plurality of inner conductive electrodes disposed on and in contact with the bottom surface of the flexible, nonconductive substrate in the tube portion.
2. The drift tube of claim 1 , further comprising:
a circuit leads portion adjacent the tube portion.
3. The drift tube of claim 2 , further comprising:
a plurality of outer electrode conductive leads electrically connected to the plurality of outer electrodes and disposed on the top surface of the substrate in the circuit leads portion; and
a plurality of inner electrode conductive leads electrically connected to the plurality of inner electrodes and disposed on the bottom surface of the substrate in the circuit leads portion.
4. The drift tube of claim 1 , wherein the flexible, nonconductive substrate is a polymer.
5. The drift tube of claim 1 , further comprising:
a heating element surrounding the top surface of the tube portion.
6. The drift tube of claim 5 , wherein the heating element is a heater wire.
7. The drift tube of claim 5 , wherein the heating element is an integral heater bonded to the flexible substrate.
8. The drift tube of claim 1 , further comprising layers of a flexible, nonconductive material covering the plurality of outer and inner electrodes.
9. The drift tube assembly of claim 1 , further comprising:
an ion detector and extractor grid disposed at opposing ends of the drift tube.
10. A drift tube assembly, comprising:
a drift tube, comprising:
a tube portion, wherein the tube portion comprises:
a top, nonconductive layer;
a flexible, nonconductive substrate comprising a top surface, a bottom surface;
a bottom, nonconductive layer;
wherein the flexible nonconductive substrate is disposed between the top, nonconductive layer and the bottom, nonconductive layer;
a plurality of outer electrodes disposed on and in contact with the top surface of the tube portion; and
a plurality of inner electrodes disposed on and in contact with the bottom surface of the tube portion; and
an aperture grid, ion gate and extractor grid disposed with the tube portion.
11. An ion mobility spectrometer comprising the drift tube assembly of claim 10 .
12. A method of making a drift tube, comprising
providing a flexible, nonconductive substrate comprising a top surface and a bottom surface;
forming outer electrodes on the top surface and inner electrodes on the bottom surface of a tube portion of the flexible, nonconductive substrate;
forming a top, nonconductive layer over the outer electrodes and top surface;
forming a bottom, nonconductive layer over the inner electrodes and bottom surface; and
forming the tube portion into a tube geometry having an inner central axis so that the top surface is further away from the inner central axis than the bottom surface.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the flexible, nonconductive substrate further comprises
a circuit leads portion adjacent the tube portion, and
forming a plurality of outer electrode conductive leads electrically connected to the plurality of outer electrodes and disposed on the top surface of the substrate in the circuit leads portion; and
forming a plurality of inner electrode conductive leads electrically connected to the plurality of inner electrodes and disposed on the bottom surface of the substrate in the circuit leads portion.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the flexible, nonconductive substrate is formed of a polymer.
15. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
forming a heating element around the top surface of the tube portion.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the heating element is formed from a heater wire.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the heating element is formed from an integral heater bonded to the flexible substrate.
18. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
forming layers of a flexible, nonconductive material covering the plurality of outer and inner electrodes.