Medical training systems and methods

1. A simulation system comprising:

a data processing unit;

a display in communication with the data processing unit; and

a physical model comprising:

an endoscopy training model;

a tool;

a position and orientation sensor configured and positioned to sense a position and/or orientation of the physical model; and

a calibration unit configured to store calibration data associated with the position and orientation sensor and the physical model; and

the data processing unit is configured to:

identify the physical model based on the calibration data and propose a choice of simulation scenarios based on the identification, each simulation scenario comprising a virtual reality (VR) model or an augmented reality (AR) model;

receive a selection of one of the simulation scenarios from a user;

receive data from the position and orientation sensor indicating the position of the physical model, the orientation of the physical model, or a combination thereof;

receive the calibration data from the calibration unit indicating a position of the position and orientation sensor relative to the physical model, an orientation of the position and orientation sensor relative to the physical model, or a combination thereof;

generate the VR model or AR model associated with the selected simulation scenario using the data from the position and orientation sensor and the calibration data from the calibration unit; and

render the VR model or AR model to the display.

2. The simulation system of claim 1 , wherein the endoscopy training model is an arthroscopy model.

3. The simulation system of claim 1 , wherein the endoscopy training model is a laparoscopy model.

4. The simulation system of claim 1 , wherein the physical model comprises a fixed portion, and wherein the position and orientation sensor is attached to the fixed portion of the physical model.

5. The simulation system of claim 1 , wherein:

the physical model comprises a plurality of position and orientation sensors; and

the data processing unit is configured to:

receive data from each of the plurality of position and orientation sensors indicating a position of each of the position and orientation sensors relative to a physical model, an orientation of each of the position and orientation sensors relative to the physical model, or a combination thereof; and

generate the VR model or AR model using the data from each of the plurality of position and orientation sensors and the calibration data from the calibration unit.

6. The simulation system of claim 5 , wherein the physical model comprises a movable part, and at least one of the plurality of position and orientation sensors is disposed in the movable part.

7. The simulation system of claim 5 , wherein the data processing unit is further configured to weigh the data from each of the plurality of position and orientation sensors in accordance with a data reliability of each of the plurality of position and orientation sensors.

8. The simulation system of claim 1 , further comprising a mount configured to accept the physical model.

9. The simulation system of claim 8 , further comprising a cart configured to attach to the mount.

10. The simulation system of claim 9 , wherein the endoscopy training model is configured to attach to the cart, to the mount, or a combination thereof.

11. The simulation system of claim 1 , wherein the data processing unit is configured to propose the choice of simulation scenarios using the data from the position and orientation sensor in addition to the calibration data from the calibration unit.

12. The simulation system of claim 11 , wherein the data processing unit is configured to display the choice of simulation scenarios on the display.

13. The simulation system of claim 11 , wherein the data processing unit is configured to generate a VR model or AR model corresponding to the physical model using the data from the position and orientation sensor, the calibration data from the calibration unit, and the selected simulation scenario.

14. The simulation system of claim 1 , wherein:

the tool comprises:

a tool position and orientation sensor configured to sense a position of the tool, an orientation of the tool, or a combination thereof; and

a tool calibration unit configured to store calibration data associated with the tool position and orientation sensor and the tool; and

the data processing unit is configured to:

receive data from the tool position and orientation sensor indicating the position of the tool, the orientation of the tool, or a combination thereof;

receive the calibration data from the tool calibration unit indicating a position of the tool position and orientation sensor relative to the tool, an orientation of the tool position and orientation sensor relative to the tool, or a combination thereof;

generate a tool virtual image corresponding to the tool using the data from the tool position and orientation sensor and the data from the tool calibration unit; and

render the tool virtual image to the display.

15. The simulation system of claim 14 , wherein the data processing unit is configured to propose the choice of simulation scenarios using the data from the tool position and orientation sensor in addition to the calibration data from the tool calibration unit.

16. The simulation system of claim 15 , wherein the data processing unit is configured to display the choice of simulation scenarios on the display.

17. The simulation system of claim 15 , wherein the data processing unit is configured to generate a tool virtual image corresponding to the tool using the data from the tool position and orientation sensor, the calibration data from the tool calibration unit, and the selected simulation scenario.

18. The simulation system of claim 1 , wherein the data processing unit comprises a tracking unit disposed within the physical model.

19. A simulation method comprising:

receiving, with a data processing unit, calibration data from a calibration unit indicating a position of a position and orientation sensor relative to a physical model, an orientation of a position and orientation sensor relative to a physical model, or a combination thereof, wherein the physical model comprises an endoscopy training model, a tool, the position and orientation sensor, and the calibration unit;

identifying, with the data processing unit, the physical model based on the calibration data and propose a choice of simulation scenarios based on the identification, each simulation scenario comprising a virtual reality (VR) model or an augmented reality (AR) model;

receiving, with the data processing unit, a selection of one of the simulation scenarios from a user;

receiving, with the data processing unit, data from the position and orientation sensor indicating a position of the physical model, an orientation of the physical model, or a combination thereof;

generating, with the data processing unit, the VR model or AR model associated with the selected simulation scenario using the data from the position and orientation sensor and the calibration data from the calibration unit; and

rendering, with the data processing unit, the VR model or AR model to a display.

20. The simulation method of claim 19 , further comprising:

receiving, with the data processing unit, data from each of a plurality of position and orientation sensors indicating a position of each of the position and orientation sensors relative to the physical model, an orientation of each of the position and orientation sensors relative to the physical model, or a combination thereof; and

generating, with the data processing unit, the VR model or AR model using the data from each of the plurality of position and orientation sensors and the calibration data from the calibration unit.

21. The simulation method of claim 20 , further comprising weighing, with the data processing unit, the data from each of the plurality of position and orientation sensors in accordance with a data reliability of each of the plurality of position and orientation sensors.

22. The simulation method of claim 19 , further comprising displaying, with the data processing unit, the choice of simulation scenarios on the display.

23. The simulation method of claim 19 , further comprising generating, with the data processing unit, a VR model or AR model corresponding to the physical model using the data from the position and orientation sensor, the calibration data from the calibration unit, and the selected simulation scenario.

24. The simulation method of claim 19 , further comprising pre-loading the data from the calibration unit into the calibration unit before the data from the calibration unit is received by the data processing unit.

25. The simulation method of claim 19 , further comprising:

receiving, with a data processing unit, the calibration data from a tool calibration unit indicating a position of a tool position and orientation sensor relative to the tool, an orientation of a tool position and orientation sensor relative to the tool, or a combination thereof;

receiving, with the data processing unit, the data from the tool position and orientation sensor indicating the position of the tool, the orientation of the tool, or a combination thereof;

generating, with the data processing unit, a tool virtual image corresponding to the tool using the data from the tool position and orientation sensor and the calibration data from the tool calibration unit; and

rendering, with the data processing unit, the tool virtual image to a display.

26. The simulation method of claim 25 , further comprising proposing, with the data processing unit, the choice of simulation scenarios using the data from the tool position and orientation sensor in addition to the calibration data from the tool calibration unit.

27. The simulation method of claim 25 , further comprising:

displaying, with the data processing unit, the choice of simulation scenarios on the display.

28. The simulation method of claim 25 , further comprising generating, with the data processing unit, a tool virtual image corresponding to the tool using the data from the tool position and orientation sensor, the calibration data from the tool calibration unit, and the selected simulation scenario.

29. The simulation method of claim 25 , further comprising pre-loading the calibration data from the tool calibration unit into the tool calibration unit before the calibration data from the tool calibration unit is received by the data processing unit.