Electron transport material, electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
Provided is an electron transport material represented by formula (1): wherein X represents an oxygen atom or ═C(CN) 2 ; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group; R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, —R 11 —O—R 12 , or —R 13 —CO—O—R 14 ; R 11 represents a linear or branched alkylene group; R 12 represents a linear or branched alkyl group; R 13 represents a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene group; and R 14 represents a linear or branched alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group, provided that at least two or more groups of R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 represent a group other than a hydrogen atom.
1. An electron transport material represented by the following formula (1):
wherein in the formula (1), X represents an oxygen atom or ═C(CN) 2 ; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group; R 8 , R 9 , and R 1′ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, —R 11 —O—R 12 , or —R 13 —CO—O—R 14 ; R 11 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 12 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 13 represents a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R 14 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group, provided that at least two or more groups of R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 represent a group other than a hydrogen atom.
2. The electron transport material according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 represents an organic group having 1 or more carbon atoms.
3. The electron transport material according to claim 2 , wherein the organic group is a group selected from an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, —R 11 —O—R 12 (in which R 11 is an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 12 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), or —R 13 —CO—O—R 14 (in which R 13 is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 14 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group).
4. The electron transport material according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R 8 and R 9 represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group and R 10 represents a hydrogen atom.
5. The electron transport material according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 8 and R 9 both represent a branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group represented by —R 17 —Ar 18 (R 17 represents a branched alkylene group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and Ar 18 represents an unsubstituted phenyl group); and R 10 represents a hydrogen atom.
6. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer including the electron transport material according to claim 1 provided on the conductive substrate.
7. A process cartridge comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 6 , that is detachable from an image forming apparatus.
8. An image forming apparatus comprising:
the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 6 ;
a charging unit that charges the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;
an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on the surface of a charged electrophotographic photoreceptor;
a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor by a developer containing a toner to form a toner image; and
a transfer unit that transfers the toner image to the surface of a recording medium.