Electrical wiring system and method
An electrical wiring system/method implementing transient voltage suppression is disclosed. The system/method incorporates HOT, NEUTRAL, GROUND wiring in conjunction with a series drop resistor (SDR) on the HOT conductor that supplies current to the load device. Parallel shunting metal oxide varistors (MOVs) are used in conjunction with corresponding shunt diode rectifiers (SDRs) to suppress transients on the HOT conductor to either the GROUND conductor and/or NEUTRAL conductor. The parallel shunting MOV/SDR pairs may be integrated into a singular structure that is encapsulated in an insulating material to permit implementation of the transient protection wiring system/method into electrical loads and common power distribution equipment such as electrical outlets and power strips.
1. An electrical wiring system comprising:
(a) HOT wire;
(b) NEUTRAL wire;
(c) GROUND wire;
(d) series drop resistor (SDR);
(e) first shunt diode (FSD);
(f) second shunt diode (SSD);
(g) first shunt metal oxide varistor (MOV) (FSV); and
(h) second shunt metal oxide varistor (MOV) (SSV);
wherein
said HOT wire is insulated;
said NEUTRAL wire is insulated;
said HOT wire comprises a source end and load end;
said NEUTRAL wire comprises a source end and load end;
said GROUND wire comprises a source end and load end;
said HOT wire source end, said NEUTRAL wire source end, and said GROUND wire source end are configured for electrical connection to a power source;
said SDR comprises an input terminal and an output terminal;
said SDR input terminal is electrically coupled to said HOT wire load end;
said FSD and said FSV are electrically connected in series between said SDR output terminal and said GROUND wire with said FSD oriented such that rectified current in said FSD flows away from said SDR output terminal;
said SSD and said SSV are electrically connected in series between said SDR output terminal and said GROUND wire with said SSD oriented such that rectified current in said SSD flows towards said SDR output terminal; and
said SDR output terminal, said NEUTRAL wire, and said GROUND wire are configured to service an electrical load device.
2. The electrical wiring system of claim 1 wherein said GROUND wire has a larger cross-sectional area than said HOT wire.
3. The electrical wiring system of claim 1 wherein said NEUTRAL wire has a larger cross-sectional area than said HOT wire.
4. The electrical wiring system of claim 1 wherein said HOT wire source end, said NEUTRAL wire source end, and said GROUND wire source end are electrically connected to corresponding HOT, NEUTRAL, and GROUND connections of an AC three-prong power plug and said SDR output terminal, said NEUTRAL wire load end, and said GROUND wire load end are electrically connected to corresponding HOT, NEUTRAL, and GROUND connections of a surge protector power strip containing a TVSS.
5. The electrical wiring system of claim 1 wherein said SDR comprises a resistor having a resistance in the range of 0.01 ohms to 10.0 ohms.
6. The electrical wiring system of claim 1 wherein said SDR comprises a resistor having a resistance of 0.1 ohms ±10%.
7. The electrical wiring system of claim 1 wherein said FSD and said FSV series interconnection, and said SSD and said SSV interconnection are formed in integrated two-terminal device packages incorporating a combined semiconductor P-N junction and MOV structure.
8. The electrical wiring system of claim 1 wherein said FSD and said FSV series interconnection, and said SSD and said SSV interconnection are formed in integrated three-terminal device packages incorporating a combined semiconductor P-N junction and MOV structure.
9. An electrical wiring system comprising:
(a) HOT wire;
(b) NEUTRAL wire;
(c) GROUND wire;
(d) series drop resistor (SDR);
(e) first shunt diode (FSD);
(f) second shunt diode (SSD);
(g) first shunt metal oxide varistor (MOV) (FSV); and
(h) second shunt metal oxide varistor (MOV) (SSV);
wherein
said HOT wire is insulated;
said NEUTRAL wire is insulated;
said HOT wire comprises a source end and load end;
said NEUTRAL wire comprises a source end and load end;
said GROUND wire comprises a source end and load end;
said HOT wire source end, said NEUTRAL wire source end, and said GROUND wire source end are configured for electrical connection to a power source;
said SDR comprises an input terminal and an output terminal;
said SDR input terminal is electrically coupled to said HOT wire load end;
said FSD and said FSV are electrically connected in series between said SDR output terminal and said NEUTRAL wire with said FSD oriented such that rectified current in said FSD flows away from said SDR output terminal;
said SSD and said SSV are electrically connected in series between said SDR output terminal and said NEUTRAL wire with said SSD oriented such that rectified current in said SSD flows towards said SDR output terminal; and
said SDR output terminal, said NEUTRAL wire, and said GROUND wire are configured to service an electrical load device.
10. The electrical wiring system of claim 9 wherein said GROUND wire has a larger cross-sectional area than said HOT wire.
11. The electrical wiring system of claim 9 wherein said NEUTRAL wire has a larger cross-sectional area than said HOT wire.
12. The electrical wiring system of claim 9 wherein said HOT wire source end, said NEUTRAL wire source end, and said GROUND wire source end are electrically connected to corresponding HOT, NEUTRAL, and GROUND connections of an AC three-prong power plug and said SDR output terminal, said NEUTRAL wire load end, and said GROUND wire load end are electrically connected to corresponding HOT, NEUTRAL, and GROUND connections of a surge protector power strip containing a TVSS.
13. The electrical wiring system of claim 9 wherein said SDR comprises a resistor having a resistance in the range of 0.01 ohms to 10.0 ohms.
14. The electrical wiring system of claim 9 wherein said SDR comprises a resistor having a resistance of 0.1 ohms ±10%.
15. The electrical wiring system of claim 9 wherein said FSD and said FSV series interconnection, and said SSD and said SSV interconnection are formed in integrated two-terminal device packages incorporating a combined semiconductor P-N junction and MOV structure.
16. The electrical wiring system of claim 9 wherein said FSD and said FSV series interconnection, and said SSD and said SSV interconnection are formed in integrated three-terminal device packages incorporating a combined semiconductor P-N junction and MOV structure.
17. An electrical wiring system comprising:
(a) HOT wire;
(b) NEUTRAL wire;
(c) GROUND wire;
(d) series drop resistor (SDR);
(e) first shunt diode (FSD);
(f) second shunt diode (SSD);
(g) third shunt diode (TSD);
(h) fourth shunt diode (RSD);
(i) first shunt metal oxide varistor (MOV) (FSV); and
(j) second shunt metal oxide varistor (MOV) (SSV);
(k) third shunt metal oxide varistor (MOV) (TSV); and
(l) fourth shunt metal oxide varistor (MOV) (RSV);
wherein
said HOT wire is insulated;
said NEUTRAL wire is insulated;
said HOT wire comprises a source end and load end;
said NEUTRAL wire comprises a source end and load end;
said GROUND wire comprises a source end and load end;
said HOT wire source end, said NEUTRAL wire source end, and said GROUND wire source end are configured for electrical connection to a power source;
said SDR comprises an input terminal and an output terminal;
said SDR input terminal is electrically coupled to said HOT wire load end;
said FSD and said FSV are electrically connected in series between said SDR output terminal and said GROUND wire with said FSD oriented such that rectified current in said FSD flows away from said SDR output terminal;
said SSD and said SSV are electrically connected in series between said SDR output terminal and said GROUND wire with said SSD oriented such that rectified current in said SSD flows towards said SDR output terminal;
said TSD and said TSV are electrically connected in series between said SDR output terminal and said NEUTRAL wire with said TSD oriented such that rectified current in said TSD flows away from said SDR output terminal;
said RSD and said RSV are electrically connected in series between said SDR output terminal and said NEUTRAL wire with said RSD oriented such that rectified current in said RSD flows towards said SDR output terminal; and
said SDR output terminal, said NEUTRAL wire, and said GROUND wire are configured to service an electrical load device.
18. The electrical wiring system of claim 17 wherein said GROUND wire has a larger cross-sectional area than said HOT wire.
19. The electrical wiring system of claim 17 wherein said NEUTRAL wire has a larger cross-sectional area than said HOT wire.
20. The electrical wiring system of claim 17 wherein said HOT wire source end, said NEUTRAL wire source end, and said GROUND wire source end are electrically connected to corresponding HOT, NEUTRAL, and GROUND connections of an AC three-prong power plug and said SDR output terminal, said NEUTRAL wire load end, and said GROUND wire load end are electrically connected to corresponding HOT, NEUTRAL, and GROUND connections of a surge protector power strip containing a TVSS.
21. The electrical wiring system of claim 17 wherein said SDR comprises a resistor having a resistance in the range of 0.01 ohms to 10.0 ohms.
22. The electrical wiring system of claim 17 wherein said SDR comprises a resistor having a resistance of 0.1 ohms ±10%.
23. The electrical wiring system of claim 17 wherein said FSD and said FSV series interconnection, and said SSD and said SSV interconnection are formed in integrated two-terminal device packages incorporating a combined semiconductor P-N junction and MOV structure.
24. The electrical wiring system of claim 17 wherein said FSD and said FSV series interconnection and said SSD and said SSV interconnection are formed in integrated three-terminal device packages incorporating a combined semiconductor P-N junction and MOV structure.
25. An electrical wiring method wherein said method utilizes an electrical wiring system comprising:
(a) HOT wire;
(b) NEUTRAL wire;
(c) GROUND wire;
(d) series drop resistor (SDR);
(e) first shunt diode (FSD);
(f) second shunt diode (SSD);
(g) third shunt diode (TSD);
(h) fourth shunt diode (RSD);
(i) first shunt metal oxide varistor (MOV) (FSV); and
(j) second shunt metal oxide varistor (MOV) (SSV);
(k) third shunt metal oxide varistor (MOV) (TSV); and
(l) fourth shunt metal oxide varistor (MOV) (RSV);
wherein
said HOT wire is insulated;
said NEUTRAL wire is insulated;
said HOT wire comprises a source end and load end;
said NEUTRAL wire comprises a source end and load end;
said GROUND wire comprises a source end and load end; and
said SDR comprises an input terminal and an output terminal;
with said method comprising the steps of:
(1) configuring said HOT wire source end, said NEUTRAL wire source end, and said GROUND wire source end for electrical connection to a power source;
(2) electrically coupling said SDR input terminal to said HOT wire load end;
(3) electrically connecting said FSD and said FSV in series between said SDR output terminal and said GROUND wire with said FSD oriented such that rectified current in said FSD flows away from said SDR output terminal;
(4) electrically connecting said SSD and said SSV in series between said SDR output terminal and said GROUND wire with said SSD oriented such that rectified current in said SSD flows towards said SDR output terminal;
(5) electrically connecting said TSD and said TSV in series between said SDR output terminal and said NEUTRAL wire with said TSD oriented such that rectified current in said TSD flows away from said SDR output terminal;
(6) electrically connecting said RSD and said RSV in series between said SDR output terminal and said NEUTRAL wire with said RSD oriented such that rectified current in said RSD flows towards said SDR output terminal; and
(7) configuring said SDR output terminal, said NEUTRAL wire, and said GROUND wire to service an electrical load device.
26. The electrical wiring method of claim 25 wherein said GROUND wire has a larger cross-sectional area than said HOT wire.
27. The electrical wiring method of claim 25 wherein said NEUTRAL wire has a larger cross-sectional area than said HOT wire.
28. The electrical wiring method of claim 25 wherein said HOT wire source end, said NEUTRAL wire source end, and said GROUND wire source end are electrically connected to corresponding HOT, NEUTRAL, and GROUND connections of an AC three-prong power plug and said SDR output terminal, said NEUTRAL wire load end, and said GROUND wire load end are electrically connected to corresponding HOT, NEUTRAL, and GROUND connections of a surge protector power strip containing a TVSS.
29. The electrical wiring method of claim 25 wherein said FSD and said FSV series interconnection, and said SSD and said SSV interconnection are formed in integrated two-terminal device packages incorporating a combined semiconductor P-N junction and MOV structure.
30. The electrical wiring method of claim 25 wherein said FSD and said FSV series interconnection, and said SSD and said SSV interconnection are formed in integrated three-terminal device packages incorporating a combined semiconductor P-N junction and MOV structure.