Atomic-layer deposition method using compound gas jet

1. A method for depositing a thin film on a moveable substrate using atmospheric pressure atomic-layer deposition, comprising:

providing a chamber having an atmosphere and a stationary support located in the chamber;

locating the moveable substrate in a spatial relationship with the stationary support; and

providing a pressurized collinear compound fluid flow including an inert fluid surrounding a reactive fluid flowing simultaneously through a conduit and through an opening in the stationary support, wherein the collinear compound fluid flow impinges on at least a portion of the moveable substrate to fluidically levitate the moveable substrate and expose the moveable substrate to the reactive fluid in the collinear compound fluid flow thereby depositing a thin film on the moveable substrate by an atomic-layer deposition process;

wherein the inert fluid and the reactive fluid in the collinear compound fluid flow are in contact with each other and are compositionally segregated from each other and flow through the conduit along substantially parallel paths in the same flow direction such that a chemical composition of the fluid in the collinear compound fluid flow varies within a cross-section of the collinear compound fluid flow;

wherein the inert fluid in the collinear compound fluid flow shields an interior surface of the conduit from the reactive gas to substantially prevent deposition on the interior surface of the conduit; and

wherein the moveable substrate undergoes fluidic levitation due to a Bernoulli lift force caused by the impingement of the collinear compound fluid flow onto the moveable substrate.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the pressurized collinear compound fluid flow includes forming the compound fluid flow as two fluid flows that are axially collinear.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the pressurized collinear compound fluid flow includes forming the collinear compound fluid flow as two fluid flows that are co-axial.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising controlling the pressurized collinear compound fluid flow temporally to intersperse a single-fluid flow with a fluid flow having two or more fluids.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the single-fluid flow is an inert fluid.

6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising controlling the pressurized collinear compound fluid flow to alternately provide an inert fluid surrounding a first reactive fluid and an inert fluid surrounding a second reactive fluid different from the first reactive fluid.

7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising interspersing the inert single-fluid flow between the first reactive fluid and the second reactive fluid.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the pressurized collinear compound fluid flow includes forming the collinear compound fluid flow as a columnar compound fluid jet.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the columnar compound fluid jet is a co-axial fluid jet.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the columnar compound fluid jet includes at least two fluid jets having distinct axes.

11. The method claim 1 , further comprising directing the pressurized collinear compound fluid flow orthogonal to the substrate.

12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising directing the pressurized collinear compound fluid flow in a direction that is tilted with respect to the substrate.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressurized collinear compound fluid includes gasses.

14. The method of claim 4 , wherein controlling the pressurized collinear compound fluid flow to alternately provide an inert fluid surrounding a first reactive fluid and an inert fluid surrounding a second reactive fluid different from the first reactive fluid includes providing the second reactive fluid within a time period of less than five hundred milliseconds after the first reactive fluid.

15. The method of claim 4 , wherein controlling the pressurized collinear compound fluid flow to alternately provide an inert fluid surrounding a first reactive fluid and an inert fluid surrounding a second reactive fluid different from the first reactive fluid includes providing the second reactive fluid within a time period of less than ten milliseconds after the first reactive fluid.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressurized collinear compound fluid flow propagates from a location at which the fluid flow first impinges on the substrate portion, the method further comprising controlling the pressurized compound fluid flow to provide fluid flow for a time period less than the time required for the fluid to propagate from the first impingement location to an edge of the substrate.

17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising controlling the pressurized collinear compound fluid flow to sequentially provide first and second fluid flows of different fluids within the time period so that at least two different fluids are present between the first impingement location and the edge of the substrate at the same time.

18. The method of claim 16 , further including controlling the pressurized collinear compound fluid flow to sequentially provide first, second, and third fluid flows of different fluids within the time period so that at least three different fluids are present between the first impingement location and the edge of the substrate at the same time, wherein the first and third fluids include different reactive fluids and the second fluid is an inert fluid.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein a levitation stabilizing structure is attached to and protrudes from a surface of the moveable substrate defining an enclosed interior impingement area of the moveable substrate, and wherein fluid flow impinging on the levitation stabilizing structure restricts a lateral motion of the moveable substrate during levitation.