Decorrelated channel sampling for digital imaging
View Patent ↗In association with an imaging device which generates a portion of an image from a plurality of channels within a first row by sampling each channel during a sampling time corresponding to the channel, circuitry offsets sampling times of at least first and second channels within the first row, thereby reducing noise correlation between the first and second channels in the first row. Pixel sampling times may be defined by start times of the channels within a row, end times or both. Offsetting may be accomplished using a predetermined set of sampling time values or by randomizing sampling time values. Offsetting pixel sampling times of channels within a row relative to each other decorrelates channel sampling because different phases of the noise signal are sampled on each channel, effectively blurring or dithering the channel noise within each row. Random sampling within the channel, such as by varying a channel sampling time between rows, further dithers the noise within each channel. Undesirable correlated noise effects are reduced as a result.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a device that generates a portion of an image from a plurality of columns within a first row by sampling each column during a sampling time corresponding to the column; and
circuitry that offsets sampling times of at least first and second columns within the first row, thereby reducing noise correlation between the first and second columns in the first row, wherein the circuitry includes:
a first charge amplifier associated with the first column; and
a second charge amplifier associated with the second column, wherein the second charge amplifier is different from the first charge amplifier and wherein each of the first charge amplifier and the second charge amplifier has an input with a dedicated, programmable delay line.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein sampling times are selected using at least one of randomization and pseudo-randomization.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein at least one of the sampling times is different from all other columns.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the sampling time of each column within the first row is different from all other columns within the first row.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein there are a plurality of rows, and wherein the sampling time of the first column within the first row is different from the sampling time of the first column within a second row.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein there are a plurality of rows, and wherein the sampling time of each column within the first row is different from all columns within a second row.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the circuitry defines a pixel sample start window having a plurality of start time slots randomly distributed among columns within the first row.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the circuitry defines a pixel sample end window having a plurality of end time slots.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein each of the first charge amplifier and the second charge amplifier has a first switched RC filter and a second switched RC filter for correlated double sampling, and wherein the start and end time slots drive switches of each of the first and second switched RC filters to respectively control a start of a pixel sample interval and an end of a pixel sample interval.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the programmable delay lines are programmed by random selection between a pre-identified number of time slots of a pixel sample window.
11. A system for channel sampling for digital imaging:
a detector array comprising a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, the plurality of rows includes at least a first row and the plurality of columns including at least a first and a second column;
image generation circuitry that generates a portion of an image from the detector array by sampling each column during a sampling time corresponding to the column; and
sampling circuitry that offsets sampling times of at least the first and second columns within the first row, thereby reducing noise correlation between the first and second columns in the first row, wherein the circuitry includes:
a first charge amplifier associated with the first column; and
a second charge amplifier associated with the second column, wherein the second charge amplifier is different from the first charge amplifier and wherein each of the first charge amplifier and the second charge amplifier has an input with a dedicated, programmable delay line.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein sampling times are selected using at least one of randomization and pseudo-randomization.
13. The system of claim 11 , wherein at least one of the sampling durations is different from all other columns.
14. The system of claim 11 , wherein the sampling time of each column within the first row is different from all other columns within the first row.
15. The system of claim 11 , wherein the sampling time of the first column within the first row is different from the sampling time of the first column within a second row.
16. The system of claim 11 , wherein there are a plurality of rows, and wherein the sampling time of each column within the first row is different from all columns within a second row.
17. The system of claim 11 , wherein the circuitry defines a pixel sample start window having a plurality of start time slots randomly distributed among columns within the first row.
18. The system of claim 11 , wherein the circuitry defines a pixel sample end window having a plurality of end time slots.
19. The system of claim 11 , wherein each of the first charge amplifier and the second charge amplifier has a first switched RC filter and a second switched RC filter for correlated double sampling, and wherein the start and end time slots drive switches of each of the first and second switched RC filters to respectively control a start of a pixel sample interval and an end of a pixel sample interval.
20. A medical imaging system:
an x-ray detector array comprising a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, the plurality of rows includes at least a first row and the plurality of columns including at least a first and a second column;
sampling circuitry that offsets sampling times of at least the first and second columns within the first row, thereby reducing noise correlation between the first and second columns in the first row, wherein the circuitry includes:
a first charge amplifier associated with the first column; and
a second charge amplifier associated with the second column, wherein the second charge amplifier is different from the first charge amplifier and wherein each of the first charge amplifier and the second charge amplifier has an input with a dedicated, programmable delay line.