Salt formulations for the fermentation of marine microorganisms

1. A growth medium for use in fermenting a marine microorganism, the medium comprising:

(a) cobalt ion at a concentration between about 0.2 μM and about 1.9 μM;

(b) potassium ion at a concentration between about 5 mM and about 13 mM;

(c) calcium ion at a concentration between about 1.8 mM and about 13 mM;

(d) strontium ion at a concentration between about 0.03 mM and about 0.3 mM;

(e) borate ion at a concentration between about 0.1 mM and about 0.8 mM; and

(f) fluoride ion at a concentration between about 0.02 mM and about 0.1 mM.

2. The growth medium of claim 1 , wherein the cobalt ion concentration is between about 0.2 μM and about 1.0 μM.

3. The growth medium of claim 1 , wherein the cobalt ion concentration is between about 0.4 μM and about 1.9 μM.

4. The growth medium of claim 1 , wherein the medium comprises a carbon source.

5. The growth medium of claim 1 , wherein the medium comprises a nitrogen source.

6. The growth medium of claim 1 , wherein the medium comprises NaCl at a concentration between about 5 g/L and about 30 g/L.

7. The growth medium of claim 1 , wherein the medium comprises a sulfate ion at a concentration between about 0.07 mM and about 0.3 mM.

8. The growth medium of claim 1 , wherein the medium comprises a mixture of NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 .

9. The growth medium of claim 1 , wherein the medium comprises vitamin B 12 at a concentration between about 0.05 mg/L and about 5 mg/L.

10. The growth medium of claim 1 , wherein

the calcium ion is derived from a species selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, and mixtures thereof;

the borate ion is derived from boric acid;

the potassium ion is derived from a species selected from the group consisting of potassium bromide, potassium chloride and mixtures thereof;

the strontium ion is derived from strontium (II) chloride; and

the fluoride ion is derived from sodium fluoride.

11. The growth medium of claim 7 , wherein the sulfate ion is derived from a species selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate, and iron (III) sulfate, and mixtures thereof.

12. The growth medium of claim 1 , wherein the medium further comprises:

(g) bromide ion at a concentration between about 0.6 mM and 0.9 mM; and

(h) a carbonate ion at a concentration between 2 mM and 10 mM.

13. The growth medium of claim 12 , wherein

the carbonate ion is calcium carbonate; and

the bromide ion is potassium bromide.

14. A growth medium for use in fermenting a marine microorganism, wherein the medium comprises:

(a) cobalt chloride hexahydrate at a concentration of about 0.208 mg/L;

(b) CaCO 3 at a concentration of about 1 g/L;

(c) Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 at a concentration of about 40 mg/L;

(d) KBr at a concentration of about 100 mg/L;

(e) NaCl at a concentration of about 24 g/L;

(f) KCl at a concentration of about 690 mg/L;

(g) CaCl 2 .2H 2 O at a concentration of about 430 mg/L;

(h) SrCl 2 at a concentration of about 15.5 mg/L;

(i) H 3 BO 3 .7H 2 O at a concentration of about 21.5 mg/L; and

(j) NaF at a concentration of about 2.6 mg/L.

15. The growth medium of claim 14 , further comprising:

(k) soluble starch at a concentration of about 10 g/L;

(l) hy soy at a concentration of about 4 g/L; and

(m) yeast extract at a concentration of about 4 g/L.

16. A growth medium for use in fermenting a marine microorganism, wherein the medium comprises:

(a) cobalt chloride hexahydrate at a concentration of about 0.208 mg/L;

(b) CaCO 3 at a concentration of about 1 g/L;

(c) Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 at a concentration of about 40 mg/L;

(d) KBr at a concentration of about 100 mg/L;

(e) Na 2 SO 4 at a concentration of about 15 g/L;

(f) KCl at a concentration of about 690 mg/L;

(g) CaCl 2 .2H 2 O at a concentration of about 430 mg/L;

(h) SrCl 2 at a concentration of about 15.5 mg/L;

(i) H 3 BO 3 .7H 2 O at a concentration of about 21.5 mg/L; and

(j) NaF at a concentration of about 2.6 mg/L.

17. The growth medium of claim 16 , further comprising:

(k) soluble starch at a concentration of about 10 g/L;

(l) hy soy at a concentration of about 4 g/L; and

(m) yeast extract at a concentration of about 4 g/L.

18. A growth medium for use in fermenting a marine microorganism, wherein the medium comprises:

(a) cobalt ion at a concentration of about 0.875 μM;

(b) CaCO 3 at a concentration of about 10 mM;

(c) Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 at a concentration of about 0.1 mM;

(d) KBr at a concentration of about 0.8 mM;

(e) NaCl at a concentration of about 410 mM;

(f) KCl at a concentration of about 9.3 mM;

(g) CaCl 2 at a concentration of about 2.9 mM;

(h) SrCl 2 at a concentration of about 0.098 mM;

(i) H 3 BO 3 at a concentration of about 0.114 mM; and

(j) NaF at a concentration of about 0.062 mM.

19. The growth medium of claim 18 , further comprising:

(k) soluble starch at a concentration of about 10 g/L;

(l) hy soy at a concentration of about 4 g/L; and

(m) yeast extract at a concentration of about 4 g/L.

20. A growth medium for use in fermenting a marine microorganism, wherein the medium comprises:

(a) cobalt ion at a concentration of about 0.875 μM;

(b) CaCO 3 at a concentration of about 10 mM;

(c) Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 at a concentration of about 0.1 mM;

(d) KBr at a concentration of about 0.8 mM;

(e) Na 2 SO 4 at a concentration of about 106 mM;

(f) KCl at a concentration of about 9.3 mM;

(g) CaCl 2 at a concentration of about 2.9 mM;

(h) SrCl 2 at a concentration of about 0.098 mM;

(i) H 3 BO 3 at a concentration of about 0.114 mM; and

(j) NaF at a concentration of about 0.062 mM.

21. The growth medium of claim 20 , further comprising:

(k) soluble starch at a concentration of about 10 g/L;

(l) hy soy at a concentration of about 4 g/L; and

(m) yeast extract at a concentration of about 4 g/L.