Method and apparatus for calibrating a three-dimensional (3D) image in a tiled display

1. A method of calibrating a three-dimensional (3D) image in a tiled display that includes a display panel and a plurality of lens arrays, the method of comprising:

capturing a plurality of structured light images displayed on the display panel;

calibrating a geometric model of the tiled display based on the plurality of structured light images;

generating a ray model based on the calibrated geometric model of the tiled display; and

rendering an image based on the ray model,

wherein the calibrating comprises:

extracting principal observation ray (POR) pixels corresponding to light rays passing through an optical center of a capturing device from the plurality of structured light images; and

calibrating the geometric model of the tiled display based on the extracted POR pixels.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extracting comprises generating a correspondence map between pixels of the display panel and pixels of the capturing device by decoding the plurality of structured light images, and extracting the POR pixels using the correspondence map.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extracting comprises:

generating a correspondence map between pixels of the display panel and pixels of the capturing device by decoding the plurality of structured light images;

extracting a boundary of a lens included in the plurality of lens arrays by filtering the correspondence map through a gradient filter;

extracting first POR pixels from the plurality of structured light images based on the extracted boundary;

extracting second POR pixels based on the extracted first POR pixels and respective structures of the plurality of lens arrays; and

verifying whether a sum of a number of the first POR pixels and a number of the second POR pixels corresponds to a desired value, and transmitting the first POR pixels and the second POR pixels based on a result of the verifying.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the calibrating comprises calculating rotation and translation parameters of the plurality of lens arrays with respect to the display panel based on the extracted POR pixels, and calibrating the geometric model of the tiled display based on the calculated rotation and translation parameters.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the calibrating comprises:

converting rotation and translation between a coordinate system defined on a plane of the plurality of lens arrays and a coordinate system defined on a plane of the display panel into two-dimensional (2D) rotation and translation;

calculating coordinates of the optical center of the capturing device based on the extracted POR pixels;

estimating the rotation and translation parameters based on the 2D rotation and translation and the coordinates of the optical center; and

calibrating the geometric model of the tiled display based on the estimated rotation and translation parameters.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the generating comprises:

calculating a position of each lens included in the plurality of lens arrays with respect to the display panel based on the calibrated geometric model of the tiled display;

specifying an observation plane and determining an observation center on the observation plane;

generating a pixel coordinate system of the image and generating a mapping matrix based on the pixel coordinate system; and

generating the ray model by mapping each pixel of the display panel to a center of a corresponding lens based on the calculated position, the determined observation center, and the generated mapping matrix.

7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:

displaying the ray model using a two plane straight notation.

8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the extracting of the second POR pixels comprises:

predicting positions of the second POR pixels based on the first POR pixels;

determining a detection window based on the predicted positions of the second POR pixels;

generating a value of an energy function based on a local gradient amplitude histogram with respect to pixels included in the detection window; and

extracting the second POR pixels from the pixels included in the detection window based on the value of the energy function.

9. A display system comprising:

a tiled display comprising a display panel and a plurality of lens arrays; and

an image processing device configured to

capture a plurality of structured light images displayed on the display panel,

calibrate a geometric model of the tiled display based on the plurality of structured light images,

generate a ray model based on the calibrated geometric model of the tiled display, and

render an image based on the ray model,

the image processing device being configured such that the calibrating includes

extracting principal observation ray (POR) pixels corresponding to light rays passing through an optical center of a capturing device from the plurality of structured light images, and

calibrating the geometric model of the tiled display based on the extracted POR pixels.

10. The display system of claim 9 , wherein the image processing device comprises:

the capturing device, the capturing device being configured to capture the plurality of structured light images;

a calibration device configured to calculate rotation and translation parameters of the plurality of lens arrays with respect to the display panel based on the plurality of structured light images, and calibrate the geometric model of the tiled display based on the calculated rotation and translation parameters;

a ray model generating a device configured to capture the ray model based on the calibrated geometric model of the tiled display; and

a rendering device configured to render the image based on the ray model.

11. The display system of claim 10 , wherein the calibration device comprises:

a POR extraction device configured to extract the POR pixels corresponding to light rays passing through the optical center of the capturing device from the plurality of structured light images; and

a lens array calibration device configured to calculate the rotation and translation parameters based on the extracted POR pixels, and calibrate the geometric model of the tiled display based on the rotation and translation parameters.

12. The display system of claim 11 , wherein the POR extraction device is configured to generate a correspondence map between pixels of the display panel and pixels of the capturing device by decoding the plurality of structured light images, and extract the POR pixels using the correspondence map.

13. The display system of claim 11 , wherein the POR extraction device comprises:

a pixel analysis device configured to generate a correspondence map between pixels of the display panel and pixels of the capturing device by decoding the plurality of structured light images;

an edge extraction device configured to extract a boundary of a lens included in the plurality of lens arrays by filtering the correspondence map through a gradient filter; and

a pixel extraction device configured to extract first POR pixels and second POR pixels based on the extracted boundary and respective structures of the plurality of lens arrays, verify whether a sum of a number of the first POR pixels and a number of the second POR pixels corresponds to a desired value, and transmit the first POR pixels and the second POR pixels, based on a result of the verifying.

14. The display system of claim 11 , wherein the lens array calibration device comprises:

a conversion device configured to convert rotation and translation between a coordinate system defined on a plane of the plurality of lens arrays and a coordinate system defined on a plane of the plurality of lens arrays and a coordinate system defined on a plan of the display panel into two-dimensional (2D) rotation and translation;

an optical center calculation device configured to calculate coordinates of the optical center of the capturing device based on the extracted POR pixels; and

a parameter estimation device configured to estimate the rotation and translation parameters based on the 2D rotation and translation and the coordinates of the optical center, and calibrate the geometric model of the tiled display based on the estimated rotation and translation parameters.

15. A device for calibrating a three-dimensional (3D) image in a tiled display that includes a display panel and a plurality of lens arrays, comprising:

an image processing device configured to

receive a plurality of images captured from the display panel by a capturing device, the plurality of images having desired image patterns on the display panel,

calibrate a geometric model of the tiled display based on the plurality of images,

generate a ray model based on the calibrated geometric model of the tiled display, and

render an image based on the ray model,

wherein the image processing device is configured to

extract principal observation ray (POR) pixels corresponding to light rays passing through an optical center of the capturing device from the plurality of images, and

calibrate the geometric model of the tiled display based on the extracted POR pixels.

16. The device of claim 15 , wherein the image processing device is configured to extract the POR pixels by

generating a correspondence map between pixels of the display panel and pixels of the capturing device by decoding the plurality of images, and

extracting the POR pixels using the correspondence map.

17. The device of claim 15 , wherein the image processing device is configured to extract the POR pixels by

generating a correspondence map between pixels of the display panel and pixels of the capturing device by decoding the plurality of images,

extracting a boundary of a lens included in the plurality of lens arrays by filtering the correspondence map through a gradient filter,

extracting first POR pixels from the plurality of images based on the extracted boundary,

extracting second POR pixels based on the extracted first POR pixels and respective structures of the plurality of lens arrays and,

verifying whether a sum of a number of the first POR pixels and a number of the second POR pixels corresponds to a desired value, and transmitting the first POR pixels and the second POR pixels based on a result of the verifying.

18. The device of claim 15 , wherein the image processing device is configured to

calibrate the geometric model by calculating rotation and translation parameters of the plurality of lens arrays with respect to the display panel based on the extracted POR pixels, and

calibrating the geometric model of the tiled display based on the calculated rotation and translation parameters.

19. The device of claim 15 , wherein the image processing device is configured to calibrate the geometric model by

converting rotation and translation between a coordinate system defined on a plane of the plurality of lens arrays and a coordinate system defined on a plane of the display panel into two-dimensional (2D) rotation and translation,

calculating coordinates of the optical center of the capturing device based on the extracted POR pixels,

estimating rotation and translation parameters based on the 2D rotation and translation and the coordinates of the optical center, and

calibrating the geometric model of the tiled display based on the estimated rotation and translation parameters.

20. The device of claim 15 , wherein the image processing device is configured to generate the ray model by

calculating a position of each lens included in the plurality of lens arrays with respect to the display panel based on the calibrated geometric model of the tiled display,

specifying an observation plane and determining an observation center on the observation plane,

generating a pixel coordinate system of the image and generating a mapping matrix based on the pixel coordinate system, and

generating the ray model by mapping each pixel of the display panel to a center of a corresponding lens based on the calculated position, the determined observation center, and the generated mapping matrix.

21. The device of claim 20 , wherein the image processing device is configured to cause the tiled display to display the ray model using a two plane straight notation.

22. The device of claim 17 , wherein the image processing device is configured to extract the second POR pixels by

predicting positions of the second POR pixels based on the first POR pixels,

determining a detection window based on the predicted positions of the second POR pixels,

generating a value of an energy function based on a local gradient amplitude histogram with respect to pixels included in the detection window, and

extracting the second POR pixels from the pixels included in the detection window based on the value of the energy function.

23. The device of claim 15 , further comprising:

at least one of wired connections and wireless connections configured to communicate information between the image processing device, the tiled display, and the capturing device, the information including the plurality of images and the rendered image.

24. The device of claim 23 , further comprising:

a memory configured to store the information.

25. The device of claim 15 , wherein the capturing device is a pinhole camera.

26. A method for calibrating a three-dimensional (3D) image in a tiled display that includes a display panel and a plurality of lens arrays, the method comprising:

receiving a plurality of images captured from the display panel by a capturing device, the plurality of images having desired image patterns on the display panel;

calibrating a geometric model of the tiled display based on the plurality of images;

generating a ray model based on the calibrated geometric model of the tiled display; and

rendering an image based on the ray model,

wherein the calibrating comprises:

extracting principal observation ray (POR) pixels corresponding to light rays passing through an optical center of a capturing device from the plurality of images; and

calibrating the geometric model of the tiled display based on the extracted POR pixels.