Ammunition cartridge with induced instability at a pre-set range
A training ammunition cartridge comprises a projectile and a cartridge case with a pyrotechnic propellant. The projectile has a projectile body with at least one compartment therein forming a void and containing a material that transitions from a solid to a liquid after set-back and after exiting from a barrel of a gun. The void is of such configuration as to cause the liquid material therein to induce forces and moments that, after a period of stable ballistic flight, destabilize the projectile and shorten its flight. Alternatively, the projectile void contains a solid mass that is released to shift its position after set-back and after the projectile exits from the barrel of the gun, wherein the void is of such configuration as to cause the mass, upon shifting, to induce forces and moments that, after a period of stable ballistic flight, destabilize the projectile and shorten its flight.
1. An ammunition cartridge comprising a projectile mounted on a cartridge case with a pyrotechnic propellant, the projectile having a spin-stabilized projectile body with adequate structural integrity to withstand forces of setback and spin that are applied when the projectile is fired from a gun, said projectile body having at least one compartment therein forming a void and containing a material that is a solid at ambient temperatures and that rapidly transitions from a solid phase to a liquid phase after the projectile exits from a barrel of the gun, wherein said material housed in said void transitions from the solid to the liquid phase upon reaching an elevated temperature due, at least in part, to thermal conductive heating from at least one of (1) propellant combustion and (2) external friction applied to the projectile body, whereby the liquid phase of the material progressively induces forces and moments that, after a period of initial stable ballistic flight, produces increasing yaw and flight instability, shortening the projectile's flight.
2. The ammunition cartridge defined in claim 1 , wherein the material flows within the void upon transitioning from a solid to a liquid and combined forces of liquid-to-solid friction of the material and imparted resonance induce an increase in the projectile's yaw amplitude, thereby shortening the projectile's maximum range of flight.
3. The ammunition cartridge defined in claim 1 , wherein said elevated temperature is above a storage and operational temperature of the ammunition cartridge.
4. The ammunition cartridge defined in claim 1 , wherein said elevated temperature is at least about 160° F.
5. The ammunition cartridge defined in claim 1 , wherein said projectile body is surrounded by a metal driving band which generates friction heat when the projectile transits through the barrel causing heat to flow through the projectile body to the material in the void.
6. The ammunition defined in claim 1 , further comprising a metal heat sink arranged adjacent the void for absorbing heat when the propellant is ignited and the projectile is fired, causing heat to flow to the material in the void.
7. The ammunition defined in claim 1 , further comprising a nose that, during high velocity flight, is heated by the friction of air traveling over an outer body of the projectile and where the heat flows to the material in the void.
8. The ammunition cartridge defined in claim 1 , wherein said material housed in said void transitions from a solid to a liquid upon exiting the barrel due, in part, to high-g forces applied to the material on set-back and during its accelerated passage through the barrel, and transitions to low g-forces applied during subsequent free flight of the projectile.
9. The ammunition cartridge defined in claim 8 , wherein said material is a non-Newtonian fluid.
10. The ammunition cartridge defined in claim 1 , wherein said projectile body is made of a frangible material that survives set-back and flight but breaks up upon impact, thereby to preclude a ricochet.
11. The ammunition cartridge defined in claim 1 , wherein the projectile material is made of a frangible material that survives set-back and flight but breaks into smaller pieces on impact.