Two-dimensional (2D) burst marker (BM) to identify data start and stop
View Patent ↗A communication device includes a communication interface and a processor configured to generate, transmit, receive, and process signals. The communication device generates orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frame(s) that include a two-dimensional (2D) start burst marker (BM), a data payload, and a 2D stop BM, and transmits the OFDM frame(s) to another communication device. Alternatively, the communication device receives OFDM frame(s) that include a 2D start BM and a 2D stop BM, and then identifies a data payload within those OFDM frame(s) based on the 2D start burst marker and a 2D stop BM. The 2D start and stop BMs are based on predetermined sequences having particular formats based on corresponding 2D sub-carrier and OFDM/A frame based structure. A receiver communication device then detects the 2D start BM and 2D stop BM within the received OFDM frame(s) based on knowledge of these predetermined sequences and particular formats.
1. A communication device comprising:
a communication interface; and
a processor, the processor and the communication interface configured to:
generate at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frame that includes a two-dimensional (2D) start burst marker (BM), a data payload, and a 2D stop BM, wherein:
the 2D start BM indicates a start of the data payload and includes a first predetermined sequence that is located within a first plurality of adjacent sub-carriers within a plurality of adjacent OFDM symbols spanning a first OFDM frame of the at least one OFDM frame; and
the 2D stop BM indicates an end of the data payload and includes a second predetermined sequence that is located within a second plurality of adjacent sub-carriers within the plurality of adjacent OFDM symbols spanning the first OFDM frame of the at least one OFDM frame or within another plurality of adjacent OFDM symbols spanning a second OFDM frame of the at least one OFDM frame; and
transmit the at least one OFDM frame to another communication device.
2. The communication device of claim 1 , wherein the processor and the communication interface are further configured to:
encode a plurality of data bits using a forward error correction (FEC) code to generate a plurality of encoded bits to indicate a position of a last bit in a last resource element (RE) of the data payload; and
generate the 2D stop BM to include a first subset of elements of the second predetermined sequence based on the plurality of encoded bits and a second subset of elements of the second predetermined sequence based on data nulls.
3. The communication device of claim 1 , wherein the processor and the communication interface are further configured to:
receive an optical signal via an optical communication link that supports time division multiple access (TDMA) communications;
convert the optical signal to an electrical signal, wherein the electrical signal includes the data payload arranged as a one-dimensional (1D) sequence of data bits; and
map the 1D sequence of data bits of the electrical signal to a 2D data structure to generate the at least one OFDM frame that includes the 2D start BM, the data payload, and the 2D stop BM.
4. The communication device of claim 1 , wherein:
the 2D stop BM includes the second predetermined sequence located within the second plurality of adjacent sub-carriers within the plurality of adjacent OFDM symbols spanning the first OFDM frame of the at least one OFDM frame;
the second OFDM frame is the first OFDM frame;
the first predetermined sequence includes a first set of 32 elements arranged across a first set of 4 adjacent sub-carriers and 8 adjacent OFDM symbols or a first set of 2 adjacent sub-carriers and 16 adjacent OFDM symbols; and
the second predetermined sequence includes a second set of 32 elements arranged across a second set of 4 adjacent sub-carriers and the 8 adjacent OFDM symbols or a second set of 2 adjacent sub-carriers and the 16 adjacent OFDM symbols.
5. The communication device of claim 1 , wherein:
the 2D stop BM includes the second predetermined sequence located within the second plurality of adjacent sub-carriers within the another plurality of adjacent OFDM symbols spanning the second OFDM frame of the at least one OFDM frame;
the first predetermined sequence includes a first set of 32 elements arranged across a first set of 4 adjacent sub-carriers and 8 adjacent OFDM symbols or a first set of 2 adjacent sub-carriers and 16 adjacent OFDM symbols within the first OFDM frame; and
the second predetermined sequence includes a second set of 32 elements arranged across a second set of 4 adjacent sub-carriers and another 8 adjacent OFDM symbols within the second OFDM frame or a second set of 2 adjacent sub-carriers and another 16 adjacent OFDM symbols within the second OFDM frame.
6. The communication device of claim 1 further comprising:
a coax line terminal (CLT), and wherein the another communication device is a cable modem.
7. The communication device of claim 1 further comprising:
a cable modem, wherein the another communication device is a coax line terminal (CLT), a cable headend transmitter, or a cable modem termination system (CMTS).
8. The communication device of claim 1 further comprising:
the processor and the communication interface configured to support communications within at least one of a satellite communication system, a wireless communication system, a wired communication system, a fiber-optic communication system, or a mobile communication system.
9. A communication device comprising:
a communication interface; and
a processor, the processor and the communication interface configured to:
receive a transmission that includes at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frame from another communication device;
process the at least one OFDM frame to identify a two-dimensional (2D) start burst marker (BM) and 2D stop BM therein;
identify the 2D start BM within the at least one OFDM frame as being a first predetermined sequence that is located within a first plurality of adjacent sub-carriers within a plurality of adjacent OFDM symbols spanning a first OFDM frame of the at least one OFDM frame;
identify the 2D stop BM within the at least one OFDM frame as being a second predetermined sequence that is located within a second plurality of adjacent sub-carriers within the plurality of adjacent OFDM symbols spanning the first OFDM frame of the at least one OFDM frame or within another plurality of adjacent OFDM symbols spanning a second OFDM frame of the at least one OFDM frame; and
identify a data payload within the at least one OFDM frame as being located between the 2D start BM and the 2D stop BM.
10. The communication device of claim 9 , wherein the processor and the communication interface are further configured to:
decode a plurality of data bits of the 2D stop BM using a forward error correction (FEC) code to generate a plurality of decoded bits; and
identify a position of a last bit in a last resource element (RE) of the data payload based on the plurality of decoded bits.
11. The communication device of claim 9 , wherein:
the 2D stop BM includes the second predetermined sequence located within the second plurality of adjacent sub-carriers within the another plurality of adjacent OFDM symbols spanning the second OFDM frame of the at least one OFDM frame;
the first predetermined sequence includes a first set of 32 elements arranged across a first set of 4 adjacent sub-carriers and 8 adjacent OFDM symbols or a first set of 2 adjacent sub-carriers and 16 adjacent OFDM symbols within the first OFDM frame; and
the second predetermined sequence includes a second set of 32 elements arranged across a second set of 4 adjacent sub-carriers and another 8 adjacent OFDM symbols within the second OFDM frame or a second set of 2 adjacent sub-carriers and another 16 adjacent OFDM symbols within the second OFDM frame.
12. The communication device of claim 9 further comprising:
a cable modem, wherein the another communication device is a coax line terminal (CLT), a cable headend transmitter, or a cable modem termination system (CMTS).
13. The communication device of claim 9 further comprising:
the communication interface configured to support communications within at least one of a satellite communication system, a wireless communication system, a wired communication system, a fiber-optic communication system, or a mobile communication system.
14. A method for execution by a communication device, the method comprising:
generating at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frame that includes a two-dimensional (2D) start burst marker (BM), a data payload, and a 2D stop BM, wherein:
the 2D start BM indicates a start of the data payload and includes a first predetermined sequence that is located within a first plurality of adjacent sub-carriers within a plurality of adjacent OFDM symbols spanning a first OFDM frame of the at least one OFDM frame; and
the 2D stop BM indicates an end of the data payload and includes a second predetermined sequence that is located within a second plurality of adjacent sub-carriers within the plurality of adjacent OFDM symbols spanning the first OFDM frame of the at least one OFDM frame or within another plurality of adjacent OFDM symbols spanning a second OFDM frame of the at least one OFDM frame; and
transmitting, via a communication interface of the communication device, the at least one OFDM frame to another communication device.
15. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
encoding a plurality of data bits using a forward error correction (FEC) code to generate a plurality of encoded bits to indicate a position of a last bit in a last resource element (RE) of the data payload; and
generating the 2D stop BM to include a first subset of elements of the second predetermined sequence based on the plurality of encoded bits and a second subset of elements of the second predetermined sequence based on data nulls.
16. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
receiving an optical signal via an optical communication link that supports time division multiple access (TDMA) communications;
converting the optical signal to an electrical signal, wherein the electrical signal includes the data payload arranged as a one-dimensional (1D) sequence of data bits; and
mapping the 1D sequence of data bits of the electrical signal to a 2D data structure to generate the at least one OFDM frame that includes the 2D start BM, the data payload, and the 2D stop BM.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein:
the 2D stop BM includes the second predetermined sequence located within the second plurality of adjacent sub-carriers within the plurality of adjacent OFDM symbols spanning the first OFDM frame of the at least one OFDM frame;
the second OFDM frame is the first OFDM frame;
the first predetermined sequence includes a first set of 32 elements arranged across a first set of 4 adjacent sub-carriers and 8 adjacent OFDM symbols or a first set of 2 adjacent sub-carriers and 16 adjacent OFDM symbols; and
the second predetermined sequence includes a second set of 32 elements arranged across a second set of 4 adjacent sub-carriers and the 8 adjacent OFDM symbols or a second set of 2 adjacent sub-carriers and the 16 adjacent OFDM symbols.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the communication device is a coax line terminal (CLT), and the another communication device is a cable modem.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the communication device is a cable modem, and the another communication device is a coax line terminal (CLT), a cable headend transmitter, or a cable modem termination system (CMTS).
20. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
operating the communication interface of the communication device to support communications within at least one of a satellite communication system, a wireless communication system, a wired communication system, a fiber-optic communication system, or a mobile communication system.