Control apparatus, control method, power supply system, and electric-powered vehicle

1. A control apparatus, comprising:

a Central Processing Unit (CPU) configured to:

receive a plurality of pieces of voltage information related to a voltage of one or more batteries upon discharge;

use the plurality of pieces of voltage information in an early stage of the discharge;

calculate a ratio of an amount of change in capacity of the one or more batteries to an amount of change in a potential of the one or more batteries; and

determine presence or absence of a deterioration of the one or more batteries based on detection of a plurality of maximum values of the calculated ratio that are greater than a first threshold value in the early stage of the discharge.

2. The control apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the early stage of the discharge is a period that includes a period during which the State Of Charge (SOC) of the one or more batteries is greater than 80%, or a period that includes a period during which the Depth Of Discharge (DOD) of the one or more batteries is less than 20%.

3. The control apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the CPU is further configured to:

compare the voltage indicated by the plurality of pieces of voltage information with a reference voltage; and

determine that there is the deterioration of the one or more batteries in accordance with a time during which the voltage is greater than the reference voltage.

4. The control apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the CPU is further configured to:

receive a current information related to a load current upon connection of a load to the one or more batteries; and

acquire the reference voltage that corresponds to the received current information.

5. The control apparatus according to claim 4 , further comprising a memory configured to store the reference voltage that corresponds to the received current information, wherein the CPU is further configured to read the reference voltage that corresponds to the received current information from the memory.

6. The control apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the CPU is further configured to determine a degree of the deterioration of the one or more batteries in accordance with the time during which the voltage is greater than the reference voltage.

7. The control apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a degree of the deterioration of the one or more batteries is determined in accordance with a timing at which maximum value is detected.

8. The control apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the CPU is further configured to determine the presence or absence of the deterioration of the one or more batteries based on at least one of a number of charges or a charging time that is greater than a second threshold value at a temperature less than 0° C.

9. The control apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the CPU is further configured to generate a notification based on the determination of the deterioration of the one or more batteries.

10. The control apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein charge and discharge of the one or more batteries are prohibited upon determination of the deterioration of the one or more batteries.

11. The control apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein one or more non-aqueous cells that include an active material that is ale to occlude and release lithium in a positive electrode and a negative electrode is connected to form the one or more batteries.

12. The control apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein the CPU is further configured to:

determine whether the voltage indicated by the plurality of pieces of voltage information is a voltage that occurs due to precipitation of the lithium on a surface of the negative electrode; and

determine that there is the deterioration of the one or more batteries based on occurrence of a voltage due to the precipitation of the lithium on the surface of the negative electrode.

13. A control method in a control apparatus, the control method comprising:

receiving a plurality of pieces of voltage information related to a potential of one or more batteries upon discharge;

using the plurality of pieces of voltage information in an early stage of the discharge; and

determining presence or absence of a deterioration of the one or more batteries based on a ratio of an amount of change in capacity of the one or more batteries to an amount of a change in the potential of the one or more batteries.

14. A power supply system, comprising:

one or more batteries; and

a Central Processing Unit (CPU) configured to:

acquire a voltage of the one or more batteries upon discharge, and output a voltage information related to the acquired voltage;

use the voltage information in an early stage of the discharge; and

determine presence or absence of a deterioration of the one or more batteries based on a ratio of an amount of change in capacity of the one or more batteries to an amount of a change in a potential of the one or more batteries.

15. An electric-powered vehicle, comprising:

a control apparatus comprising:

a Central Processing Unit (CPU) configured to:

receive a plurality of pieces of voltage information related to a voltage of one or more batteries upon discharge;

use the plurality of pieces of voltage information in an early stage of the discharge;

calculate a ratio of an amount of change in capacity of the one or more batteries to an amount of a change in a potential of the one or more batteries; and

determine presence or absence of a deterioration of the one or more batteries based on detection of a plurality of maximum values of the calculated ratio that are greater than a first threshold value in the early stage of the discharge.