Face to hub connection for a composite wheel
A connection between a face portion ( 12 ) and a hub portion ( 14 ) of a composite wheel ( 10 ). The hub portion ( 14 ) comprises a generally disc shaped hub plate ( 16 ), and the face portion ( 12 ) comprises a plurality of spokes ( 18 ). The connection comprises an annular hub ring ( 22 ) surrounding the hub plate ( 16 ), the hub ring ( 22 ) comprising a plurality of layers of reinforcement fibers extending in an at least generally circumferential direction about the hub ring ( 22 ). The connection also comprises a first plurality of layers of reinforcing fibers ( 24 ) extending in a generally radial direction R relative to an axis of rotation of the wheel ( 10 ), and along a front face of each spoke ( 18 ), across a front edge ( 26 ) and an inner annular surface ( 28 ) of the hub ring ( 22 ) and across a front face ( 30 ) of the hub plate ( 16 ); and a second plurality of layers of reinforcing fibers ( 32 ) extending in a generally radial direction R along a rear face ( 33 ) of each spoke ( 18 ), across a rear edge ( 34 ) of the hub ring ( 22 ) and across a rear face ( 36 ) of the hub plate ( 6 ). The connection further comprises a third plurality of layers of reinforcing fibers ( 36 ), the third plurality of layers ( 36 ) of reinforcing fibers overlaying the first and second ( 1 ) layers of reinforcing fibers ( 24, 32 ), the third plurality of layers of reinforcing fibers 36 extending in a direction between +30 degrees and +60 degrees to the radial direction R; and a fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibers ( 40 ), the fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibers ( 40 ) overlaying the first and second layers of reinforcing fibers ( 24 , ( 32 ), the fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibers ( 40 ) extending in a direction ( 20 ) between −30 degrees and −60 degrees to the radial direction R.
1. A connection between a face portion and a hub portion of a composite wheel,
the hub portion including a generally disc shaped hub plate and the face portion including a plurality of spokes, the connection comprising:
an annular hub ring surrounding the hub plate, the hub ring including a plurality of layers of reinforcement fibres extending in an at least generally circumferential direction about the hub ring,
a first plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extending in a generally radial direction relative to an axis of rotation of the wheel, and along a front face of each spoke, across a front edge and an inner annular surface of the hub ring, and across a front face of the hub plate;
a second plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extending in a generally radial direction along a rear face of each spoke, across a rear edge of the hub ring, and across a rear face of the hub plate;
a third plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres, the third plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres overlaying the first and second layers of reinforcing fibres, the third plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extending in a direction between +30 degrees and +60 degrees to the radial direction; and
a fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres, the fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres overlaying the first and second layers of reinforcing fibres, the fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extending in a direction between −30 degrees and −60 degrees to the radial direction.
2. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 1 , wherein the third plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extends at about +45 degrees to the radial direction.
3. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 1 , wherein the fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extends at about −45 degrees to the radial direction.
4. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 1 , further comprising a fifth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extending across the rear face of the hub plate, across the rear edge of the hub ring, across an outer annular surface of the hub ring, across the front edge of the hub ring, across the inner annular surface of the hub ring and across the front face of the hub plate, and with the third and fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres overlaying the fifth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres.
5. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 4 , wherein the fifth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extends about the hub ring between a base region of adjacent spokes.
6. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 1 , wherein the hub ring is manufactured from a unidirectional tow.
7. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to of claim 6 , wherein the third plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres is provided between the first and fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres.
8. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 6 , wherein the fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres is provided between the first and third plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres.
9. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 1 , wherein one or more layers of the third or fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres is interspersed between layers of the other of the third and fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres.
10. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extends radially outwardly along the front face of each spoke to or proximate a front annular edge of a rim portion of the wheel.
11. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of a composite wheel according to claim 1 , wherein each of the third and fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extends about each spoke, across the front edge and the inner annular surface of the hub ring, across the front face of the hub plate, and across the outer annular surface of the hub ring between the spokes.
12. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 1 , wherein the third and fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extend outwardly along the front face of each spoke to or proximate a front annular edge of a rim portion of the wheel.
13. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 1 , wherein an inner diameter of the hub ring portion is greater than a diameter of the hub plate.
14. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 1 , wherein each of the first, second, third and fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres is provided in a separate fabric.
15. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 14 , wherein each of the separate fabrics is stitched together.
16. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 1 , wherein the first, second, third and fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres are provided in a single fabric with the first, second, third and fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres interwoven in the fabric.
17. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 1 , wherein each of the first, second, third and fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres is provided in a tailored fibre preform.
18. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 1 , wherein an inner portion of each spoke includes a foam material.
19. The connection between the face portion and the hub portion of the composite wheel according to claim 1 , wherein the hub plate is manufactured from composite laminate having a thickness of between about 8 mm and about 20 mm, the hub plate including either a plurality of bolt holes or a centrally located hole for receiving a centre lock attachment arrangement.
20. The method of connecting together a face portion and a hub portion of a composite wheel, wherein the hub portion includes a generally disc shaped hub plate and the face portion includes a plurality of spokes, the method comprising:
providing an annular hub ring portion surrounding the hub plate, the hub ring includes a plurality of layers of reinforcement fibres extending in an at least generally circumferential direction about the hub ring,
providing a first plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extending in a generally radial direction relative to an axis of rotation of the wheel, and along a front face of each spoke, across a front edge and an inner annular surface of the hub ring, and across a front face of the hub plate;
providing a second plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extending in a generally radial direction along a rear face of each spoke, across a rear edge of the hub ring, and across a rear face of the hub plate;
providing a third plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres, the third plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres overlaying the first and second layers of reinforcing fibres, the third plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extending in a direction between +30 degrees and +60 degrees to the radial direction; and
providing a fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres, the fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres overlaying the first and second layers of reinforcing fibres, the fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extending in a direction approximately −30 degrees and −60 degrees to the radial direction.
21. The method according to claim 20 , and further comprising the third plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extending at about +45 degrees to the radial direction.
22. The method according to claim 20 , and further comprising the fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extending at about −45 degrees to the radial direction.
23. The method according to claim 20 , and further comprising a fifth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres extending across the rear face of the hub plate, across a rear edge of the hub ring, across an outer annular surface of the hub ring, across the front edge of the hub ring, across the inner annular surface of the hub ring and across the front face of the hub plate, and with the third and fourth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres overlaying the fifth plurality of layers of reinforcing fibres.