FURFURYL-BASED ESTERS
The reactions are disclosed of furfuryl alcohol in the presence of catalyst with aliphatic diacid esters or aliphatic diacid anhydrides to synthesize diesters and monoesters, respectively. The reaction is disclosed of the monoester in the presence of catalyst with alkanols to synthesize diesters. The two types of diesters and the monoesters are proven to be suitable as plasticizers for polymers, particularly polylactic acid. Thermoplastic compounds are disclosed using the esters as plasticizers.
1 . A composition of matter, comprising:
wherein n=2 to 22, inclusive; R=furfuryl; and R′=hydrogen or an alkyl having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
2 . The composition of matter of claim 1 , wherein R′ is hydrogen, and wherein the composition of matter is a monoester.
3 . The composition of matter of claim 1 , wherein R′ is an alkyl having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and wherein the composition of matter is a diester.
4 . The composition of matter of claim 1 , wherein the composition of matter selected from the group consisting of 4-(furan-2-ylmethoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid and 1-butyl 4-furan-2-ylmethyl butanedioate.
5 . The composition of matter of claim 4 , wherein the composition of matter is 4-(furan-2-ylmethoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid.
6 . The composition of matter of claim 4 , wherein the composition of matter is 1-butyl 4-furan-2-ylmethyl butanedioate.
7 . A composition of matter comprising: 1,4-bis(furan-2-ylmethyl) butanedioate synthesized by an organometallic-catalyzed transesterification reaction of furfuryl alcohol and diethyl succinate in the presence of titanium isopropoxide.
8 . The composition of matter of claim 5 , wherein the 4-(furan-2-ylmethoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid is synthesized by a base-catalyzed ring-opening esterification reaction of furfuryl alcohol and succinic anhydride in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of pyridine, triethylamine, and dimethylaminopyridine.
9 . The composition of matter of claim 6 , wherein the 1-butyl 4-furan-2-ylmethyl butanedioate is synthesized by an acid-catalyzed direct esterification reaction of a furfuryl monoester and 1-butanol in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid.
10 . The composition of matter of claim 7 , wherein the titanium isopropoxide is quenched by either phenylphosphinic acid or phenyiospsphonic acid.
11 . A thermoplastic compound, comprising a polymer plasticized by a composition of matter comprising:
wherein n=2 to 22, inclusive; R=furfuryl; and R′=hydrogen, furfuryl, or an alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
12 . The compound of claim 11 , wherein the polymer is polylactic acid.
13 . The compound of claim 11 , wherein the polymer is polyvinyl chloride.
14 . The compound of claim 11 , wherein the polymer has a Hansen's 3D Solubility Parameter ranging from 17 to 26.
15 . The compound of claim 11 , wherein the plasticizer is present in the polymer from about 10 to about 100 parts per hundred of polymer.
16 . The compound of claim 15 , wherein the compound further comprises additives selected from the group consisting of adhesion promoters; biocides; anti-fogging agents; anti-static agents; bonding, blowing and foaming agents; crosslinking agents; dispersants; fillers and extenders; fire and flame retardants; smoke suppressants; impact modifiers; initiators; lubricants; micas; colorants; additional plasticizers; processing aids; release agents; silanes; titanates; zirconates; slip agents; anti-blocking agents; stabilizers; stearates; ultraviolet light absorbers; viscosity regulators; waxes; and combinations of them.
17 . A plastic article formed from the compound of claim 11 .
18 . A reaction product of the composition of matter of claim 1 at R with a dienophile.
19 . A reaction product of the composition of matter of claim 1 at R′ with a chemical,
wherein if R′ is furfuryl, the chemical is a dienophile;
wherein if R′ is hydrogen, the chemical has a functional group selected from the group consisting of an alcohol, an oxirane, an amine, a metallic ion, a hydroxide, a silane and a silanol; and
wherein if R′ is an alkyl, the chemical is an ester reactive via transesterification in the presence of a catalyst.
20 . The compound of claim 14 , wherein the plasticizer is present in the polymer from about 10 to about 100 parts per hundred of polymer.