Method for drying food products
A method for drying a food product includes the step of: a) inserting the food product in an enclosure, the enclosure being defined by the vessel of a mixer; and b) drying the food product in the enclosure by applying a vacuum to the enclosure. The supplying of heat to the product located inside the enclosure is carried out when the vacuum is applied to the enclosure during step b) such as to maintain and/or increase the temperature of the product during all or part of the process of drying by applying a vacuum to the enclosure. The supplying of heat is carried out by heat transfer between at least one heat-transfer fluid and the product and/or by irradiating the product with electromagnetic radiation.
1. A method for drying a food product, the food product having a core surrounded by an outer surface, the method comprising:
a) introducing the food product into an enclosure, the enclosure being defined by a tank of a mixer with a double jacket in which at least one heat transfer fluid circulates;
b) heating the food product in the enclosure by application of heat transfer between the at least one heat transfer fluid circulating within the double jacket of the enclosure and the food product;
c) stabilizing the temperature of the food product;
d) cooling the outer surface of the food product upon completion of the step c) to create a temperature differential between the outer surface of the food product and the core of the food product in which an outer surface temperature of the food product is less than a core temperature of the food product; and
e) drying the food product present in the enclosure by applying a vacuum to the enclosure with a pressure less than or equal to 200 mbar and applying heat at a temperature chosen so as to obtain the range of the phase diagram of pure water where the pure water is in the gaseous state, the applying of the vacuum to the enclosure during step e) being initiated at a first time point and concluded at a second time point,
wherein the heat is applied to the food product present in the enclosure when the vacuum is applied to the enclosure during the step e) so as to keep the temperature of the food product constant or increase it during all or part of the step e), and
wherein the heat is applied to the food product present in the enclosure when the vacuum is applied to the enclosure during the step e) such that the temperature of the food product at the second time point is greater than or equal to the temperature of the food product at the first time point, and
wherein the heat applied in the step e) is applied by further heat transfer between the at least one heat transfer fluid circulating within the double jacket of the enclosure and the food product, in which the duration of step e) is chosen so that the food product has lost, at completion of the step e), a weight equal to at least 4% of its weight taken before the implementation of the step e).
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pressure in the enclosure during all or part of the step e) is less than 100 mbar.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising salting the food product, the salting taking place before the step e) and/or during all or part of the step e).
4. The method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the salting is performed by wet means, the food product being in contact with a brine during the salting.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a step f) of baking, in which the enclosure is raised to a temperature greater than or equal to 20° C., and to a pressure greater than or equal to 24 mbar.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the step f) is initiated after the step e) at the second time point.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the food product undergoing the step e) exhibits one or more cut-outs.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the food product undergoes, after a step b a step e), of shaping, by means of a press.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the food product is set in motion within the enclosure during all or part of the step e).
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein pressure is less than 75 mbar.
11. The method of claim 2 , wherein pressure is less than 40 mbar.
12. The method of claim 5 , wherein at the step f), the temperature within the enclosure is raised between 22° C. and 55° C. and to a pressure within the enclosure is raised between 200 mbar and 1020 mbar.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the food product has lost, at completion of the step e) a weight equal to at least 10% of its weight taken before the implementation of the step b).
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the steps b), c) and d) are repeated at least once prior to proceeding to step e.
15. The method of claim 7 , wherein the cut-outs are formed before implementation of the step e).
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure in the enclosure during all or part of the step e) is from 2 to 20 mbar.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature differential between the outer surface of temperature of the food product and the core temperature of the food product is at least 0.3° C.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature differential between the outer surface of temperature of the food product and the core temperature of the food product is approximately 5° C.
19. A method for drying a food product, the food product having a core surrounded by an outer surface, the method comprising:
a) introducing the food product into an enclosure, the enclosure being defined by a tank of a mixer with a double jacket in which at least one heat transfer fluid circulates;
b) heating the food product in the enclosure by irradiation of the food product by electromagnetic radiation;
c) stabilizing the temperature of the food product;
d) cooling the outer surface of the food product upon completion of the step c) to create a temperature differential between the outer surface of the food product and the core of the food product in which an outer surface temperature of the food product is less than a core temperature of the food product; and
e) drying the food product present in the enclosure by applying a vacuum to the enclosure with a pressure less than or equal to 200 mbar and applying heat at a temperature chosen so as to obtain the range of the phase diagram of pure water where the pure water is in the gaseous state, the applying of the vacuum to the enclosure during step e) being initiated at a first time point and concluded at a second time point,
wherein the heat is applied to the food product present in the enclosure when the vacuum is applied to the enclosure during the step e) so as to keep the temperature of the food product constant or increase it during all or part of the step e), and
wherein the heat is applied to the food product present in the enclosure when the vacuum is applied to the enclosure during the step e) such that the temperature of the food product at the second time point is greater than or equal to the temperature of said food product at the first time point,
wherein the heat applied in the step e) is applied by further irradiation of the food product by the electromagnetic radiation.