Multi-level inverter apparatus and method
An inverter comprises a first input capacitor and a second input capacitor connected in series, an inverting unit comprising a first switch, a second switch, a third switch and a fourth switch connected in series, wherein the inverting unit is connected to an input of an L-C filter, a first bidirectional conductive path connected between a common node of the first switch and the second switch, and a common node of the first input capacitor and the second input capacitor, a second bidirectional conductive path connected between a common node of the third switch and the fourth switch, and the common node of the first input capacitor and the second input capacitor and a flying capacitor connected between the common node of the first switch and the second switch, and the common node of the third switch and the fourth switch.
1. A method comprising:
providing a five-level inverter comprising a first switch, a second switch, a third switch and a fourth switch connected in series, wherein:
the first switch is connected to a first voltage potential equal to E/2;
the fourth switch is connected to a second voltage potential equal to −E/2;
a common node of the third switch and the fourth switch is connected to a neutral point through a first bidirectional switch;
a common node of the first switch and the second switch is connected to the neutral point through a second bidirectional switch;
a common node of the second switch and the third switch is connected to an input of an L-C filter; and
the common node of the third switch and the fourth switch is connected to the common node of the first switch and the second switch through a flying capacitor, and wherein a voltage across the flying capacitor is equal to E/4; and
supplying control signals to the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, the first bidirectional switch and the second bidirectional switch, wherein the control signals are configured such that five voltage potentials are produced at the input of the L-C filter, and wherein the five voltage potentials are E/2, E/4, 0, −E/4 and −E/2, and wherein the second bidirectional switch comprises two switches connected in series, and wherein at least one switch of the second bidirectional switch is always on when voltages at the input of the L-C filter are equal to E/2, E/4 and 0.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the first bidirectional switch comprises a fifth switch and a sixth switch in a back-to-back connection; and
the second bidirectional switch comprises a seventh switch and an eighth switch in a back-to-back connection.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
a first diode connected in parallel with the first switch;
a second diode connected in parallel with the second switch;
a third diode connected in parallel with the third switch; and
a fourth diode connected in parallel with the fourth switch
a fifth diode connected in parallel with the fifth switch;
a sixth diode connected in parallel with the sixth switch;
a seventh diode connected in parallel with the seventh switch; and
an eighth diode connected in parallel with the eighth switch.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:
supplying the control signals in one switching cycle such that:
the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch and the eighth switch are turned on and a voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to E/2;
the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch and the eighth switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to E/4;
the third switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch and the eighth switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to zero;
the second switch, the sixth switch, the seventh switch and the eighth switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to zero;
the third switch, the sixth switch, the seventh switch and the eighth switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to −E/4; and
the third switch, the fourth switch, the sixth switch and the seventh switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to −E/2.
5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:
supplying the control signals in one switching cycle such that:
the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch and the eighth switch are turned on and a voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to E/2;
the second switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch and the eighth switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to E/4;
the third switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch and the eighth switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to zero;
the second switch, the sixth switch, the seventh switch and the eighth switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to zero;
the second switch, the fourth switch, the sixth switch and the seventh switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to −E/4; and
the third switch, the fourth switch, the sixth switch and the seventh switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to −E/2.
6. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:
supplying the control signals in one switching cycle such that:
the first switch, the second switch, the fifth switch and the eighth switch are turned on and a voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to E/2;
the first switch, the third switch, the fifth switch and the eighth switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to E/4;
the second switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch and the eighth switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to E/4;
the third switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch and the eighth switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to zero;
the second switch, the sixth switch, the seventh switch and the eighth switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to zero;
the third switch, the sixth switch, the seventh switch and the eighth switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to −E/4;
the second switch, the fourth switch, the sixth switch and the seventh switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to −E/4; and
the third switch, the fourth switch, the sixth switch and the seventh switch are turned on and the voltage at the input of the L-C filter is equal to −E/2.