Lithium battery with solid state switch
View Patent ↗Apparatus for increasing the efficiency of a starter battery for a starter motor of an internal combustion engine in a battery pack arrangement with one or more lithium based cells. The invention includes a solid state switching configuration for high powered battery systems for protecting against over-charging, over-discharging and short circuiting of batteries, especially starter batteries for internal combustion engines. The invention is also useful as a Deep Cycle battery.
1. A battery pack having positive and negative terminals for powering an electric motor for starting an internal combustion engine in which the electric motor is in a 6 volt to 48 volt operating system, said battery pack comprising:
a battery pack housing;
at least one lithium-based rechargeable cell within said housing; and
a solid state switching apparatus comprising a plurality of pairs of solid state switches with one pair of solid state switches connected in a parallel configuration to another pair of solid state switches, each switch having a source and a drain, the switches of a pair of solid state switches being configured such that either the drains of the switches are connected or the sources of the switches are connected, and said parallel configuration being connected with one or more cells between the positive and negative terminals,
wherein a total discharging amount of each lithium-based cell in the battery pack is from 3 Ah to 2000 Ah, and charging voltage per one cell is 2.0 to 4.2 V.
2. A battery pack according to claim 1 wherein the lithium-based cell is selected from the group consisting of LiFePO, LiFePO 4 , LiFeMgPO 4 , LifeYPO 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiCoAlO 2 , LiNiMnCoO 2 , and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 cells.
3. A battery pack according, to claim 1 , wherein said battery pack comprises from three to sixteen lithium-based rechargeable cells in series in said housing.
4. A battery pack according to claim 1 , further comprising a protection circuit board within said battery housing, said protection circuit board including one of a solid state switch, MOSFET, diode, or relay, which protects against temperature, reverse polarity, undervoltage or overvoltage.
5. A battery pack according to claim 1 , wherein the solid state switching apparatus for one or more of said lithium based cells is encased in said battery pack housing, each of said cells shaving a positive pole and a negative pole, said apparatus comprising:
at least one solid state switch being connected to the positive pole of said one or more cells in series, and to said positive terminal, the negative pole of said one or more cells being connected to said negative terminal.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the solid state switches are transistors, FET, MOSFET, IGBT, JFET, BJT, CMOS, VMOS, TMOS, vertical DMOS or HEXFET.
7. Apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein said one or more cells are selected from the group consisting of LiFePO, LiFePO 4 , LiFeMgPO 4 , LiFeYPO 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNicoAlO 2 , LiNiMnCoO 2 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , lead-acid, NiCd, and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries.
8. A battery pack according to claim 1 , wherein the solid state switching apparatus for one or more of said lithium based cells is encased in said battery pack housing, each of said cells having a positive pole and a negative pole, said apparatus comprising:
at least one solid state switch being connected to the negative pole of said one or more cells in series, and to said negative terminal, the positive pole of said one or more cells being connected to said positive terminal.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the solid state switches are transistors, FET, MOSFET, IGBT, JFET, BJT, CMOS, VMOS, TMOS, vertical DMOS HEXFET.
10. Apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein said one or more cells are selected from the group consisting of LiFePO, LiFePO 4 , LiFeMgPO 4 , LiFeYPO 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiCoAlO 2 , LiNiMnCoO 2 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , lead-acid, NiCd, and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries.
11. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the operating system of said internal combustion engine includes a battery, said apparatus further comprising a pair of cables, each cable situated in a cable housing, one end of each cable connectable to a respective terminal clamp, the opposite end of each cable having a connector for connecting to said battery pack, and at least one of a MOSFET, diode, or relay being situated within one of said cable housings.
12. A deep cycle battery having positive and negative terminals in a 6 volt to 800 volt operating system, comprising:
a battery pack housing;
at least one lithium-based rechargeable Cell within said housing;
a battery management system including a processor and a circuit board which protects from one of overvoltage, undervoltage, reverse polarity, short circuit, and extremes of temperature;
wherein said circuit board comprises a solid state switching apparatus comprising a plurality of pairs of solid state switches with one pair of solid state switches connected in a parallel configuration to another pair of solid state switches, each switch having a source and a drain, the switches of a pair of solid state switches being configured such that either the drains of the switches are connected or the sources of the switches are connected, and said parallel configuration being connected with one or more cells between the positive and negative terminals,
wherein a total discharging amount of each lithium-based cell in the battery pack is from 3 Ah to 2000 Ah, and charging voltage per one cell is 2.0 to 4.2 V.
13. A deep cycle battery according to claim 12 wherein the lithium-based cell is selected from the group consisting of LiFePO, LiFePO 4 , LiFeMgPO 4 , LiFeYPO 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiCoAlO 2 , LiNiMnCoO 2 , and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 cells.
14. A deep cycle battery according to claim 12 , wherein said battery comprises from two to 250 lithium-based rechargeable cells in series in one or more of said housings.
15. A deep cycle battery according to claim 12 , wherein the solid state switching apparatus for one or more of said lithium based cells is encased in said battery pack housing, each of said cells having a positive pole and a negative pole, said apparatus comprising:
at least one solid state switch connected to the positive pole of said one or more cells in series, and to said positive terminal, the negative pole of said one or more cells being connected to said negative terminal.
16. Apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the solid state switches are transistors, FET, MOSFET, IGBT, JFET, BJT, CMOS, VMOS, TMOS, vertical DMOS or HEXFET.
17. Apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein said one or more cells are selected from the group consisting of LiFePO, LiFePO 4 , LiFeMgPO 4 , LiFeYPO 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiCoAlO 2 , LiNiMnCoO 2 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , lead-acid, Nicd, and nickel metal hydride (NIMH) batteries.
18. A deep cycle battery according to claim 12 , wherein the solid state switching apparatus for one or more of said lithium based cells is encased in said battery pack housing, each of said cells having a positive pole and a negative pole, said apparatus comprising:
at least one solid state switch connected to the negative pole of said one or more cells in series, and to said negative terminal, the positive pole of said one or more cells being connected to said positive terminal.
19. Apparatus according to claim 18 , wherein, the solid state switches are transistors, FET, MOSFET, IGBT, JFET, BJT, CMOS, VMOS, TMOS, vertical DMOS or HEXFET.
20. Apparatus according to claim 18 , wherein said one or more cells are selected from the group consisting of LiFePO, LiFePO 4 , LiFeYPO 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiCoAlO 2 , LiNiMnCoO 2 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , lead-acid, NiCd, and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries.
21. A battery pack having positive and negative terminals for driving a battery device in a 12 volt to 120 volt internal combustion engine, said battery pack comprising:
a battery pack housing;
at least one lithium-based rechargeable cell within said housing, the total discharging amount of each lithium-based cell in the battery pack being from three (3) Ah to 5000 Ah, and charging voltage per one cell being 3.0 to 4.2 V;
a pair of cables each cable having a cable housing in which it is situated; one end of each cable being provided with and connected to a respective terminal clamp, the opposite end of each cable having a connector for connecting to said battery pack; and
a solid state switching apparatus being situated within one of said cable housings and comprising a plurality of pairs of solid state switches with one pair of solid state switches connected in a parallel configuration to another pair of solid state switches, each switch having a source and a drain, the switches of a pair of solid state switches being configured such that either the drains of the switches are connected or the sources of the switches are connected, and said parallel configuration being connected with one more cells between the positive and negative terminals.