Electrical transmission cables with composite cores

1. An electrical cable comprising:

(a) a cable core comprising at least one composite core, the composite core comprising:

(i) at least one rod comprising a plurality of consolidated thermoplastic impregnated rovings, the rovings comprising continuous carbon fibers oriented in the longitudinal direction and a thermoplastic matrix that embeds the carbon fibers, the carbon fibers having a ratio of ultimate tensile strength to mass per unit length of greater than about 1,000 MPa/g/m, wherein the thermoplastic matrix comprises a polyarylene sulfide, and wherein the rod comprises from about 30 wt. % to about 75 wt. % carbon fibers and from about 25 wt. % to about 70 wt. % thermoplastic matrix; and

(ii) a capping layer surrounding the at least one rod, wherein the capping layer comprises a polyether ether ketone and contains less than 1 wt. % of continuous carbon fibers;

wherein the composite core has a flexural modulus of from about 15 to about 200 GPa; and

(b) a plurality of conductive elements surrounding the cable core, wherein the conductive elements comprise aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

2. The cable of claim 1 , wherein the composite core has an ultimate tensile strength of from about 500 MPa to about 3,500 MPa.

3. The cable of claim 2 , wherein the thermoplastic matrix comprises a polyphenylene sulfide.

4. The cable of claim 3 , wherein the composite core has:

an elastic modulus in a range from about 70 GPa to about 300 GPa; and

a linear thermal expansion coefficient in the longitudinal direction in a range from about −0.4 to about 5 ppm per ° C.

5. The cable of claim 4 , wherein:

the cable core is a stranded core comprising from 2 to 37 composite cores; and

the cable comprises up to 50 conductive elements arranged in 2, 3, or 4 layers around the cable core.

6. The cable of claim 5 , further comprising a partial or complete layer of a tape or a coating between the cable core and the plurality of conductive elements.

7. The cable of claim 1 , wherein the cable has:

a 10-year creep value at 15% RBS (rated breaking stress) of less than about 0.2%; and

a 10-year creep value at 30% RBS (rated breaking stress) of less than about 0.25%.

8. The cable of claim 7 , wherein the thermoplastic matrix comprises a polyphenylene sulfide.

9. The cable of claim 8 , wherein the composite core has:

an ultimate tensile strength of from about 500 MPa to about 3,500 MPa;

an elastic modulus in a range from about 70 GPa to about 300 GPa; and

a linear thermal expansion coefficient in the longitudinal direction in a range from about −0.4 to about 5 ppm per ° C.

10. The cable of claim 8 , wherein the composite core has a bending radius in a range from about 1 cm to about 50 cm.

11. An electrical cable comprising:

(a) a cable core comprising at least one composite core, the composite core comprising:

(i) at least one rod comprising a plurality of consolidated thermoplastic impregnated rovings, the rovings comprising continuous carbon fibers oriented in the longitudinal direction and a thermoplastic matrix that embeds the carbon fibers, the carbon fibers having a ratio of ultimate tensile strength to mass per unit length of greater than about 1,000 MPa/g/m, wherein the thermoplastic matrix comprises a polyphenylene sulfide, and wherein the rod comprises from about 30 wt. % to about 75 wt. % carbon fibers and from about 25 wt. % to about 70 wt. % thermoplastic matrix; and

(ii) a capping layer surrounding the at least one rod, wherein the capping layer is free of continuous carbon fibers and comprises a polyether ether ketone and at least one additive comprising a mineral reinforcing agent, a lubricant, flame retardant, a blowing agent, a foaming agent, an ultraviolet light resistant agent, a thermal stabilizer, a pigment, or a combination thereof; and

(b) a plurality of conductive elements surrounding the cable core.

12. The cable of claim 11 , wherein:

the cable core is a stranded core comprising from 2 to 37 composite cores;

the conductive elements comprise copper, a copper alloy, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or any combination thereof;

the conductive elements are arranged in 2, 3, or 4 layers around the cable core; and

the conductive elements have a substantially circular cross-sectional shape or a substantially trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.

13. The cable of claim 12 , wherein the at least one additive comprises a mineral reinforcing agent, a pigment, an ultraviolet resistant agent, or a combination thereof.

14. The cable of claim 12 , wherein the composite core has:

a flexural modulus of from about 15 to about 200 GPa;

an ultimate tensile strength of from about 500 MPa to about 3,500 MPa; and

an elastic modulus in a range from about 70 GPa to about 300 GPa.

15. The cable of claim 14 , wherein the conductive elements comprise aluminum or an aluminum alloy having an IACS electrical conductivity in a range from about 59% to about 65%.

16. The cable of claim 15 , wherein the conductive elements have a substantially trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.

17. The cable of claim 15 , wherein the capping layer contains 0 wt. % of continuous fibers.

18. The cable of claim 17 , wherein the at least one additive comprises a mineral reinforcing agent, a pigment, an ultraviolet resistant agent, or a combination thereof.

19. The cable of claim 18 , wherein:

the cable has a 10-year creep value at 15% RBS (rated breaking stress) of less than about 0.2%, and a 10-year creep value at 30% RBS of less than about 0.25%; and

the composite core has a linear thermal expansion coefficient in the longitudinal direction in a range from about −0.4 to about 5 ppm per ° C., and a bending radius in a range from about 1 cm to about 50 cm.

20. The cable of claim 18 , further comprising a partial or complete layer of a tape or a coating between the cable core and the plurality of conductive elements.