Radiant Heating System for a Surface Structure, and Surface Structure Assembly with Radiant Heater
A surface structure assembly that is adapted to be heated when electrically connected to a source of electrical power. The assembly has a relatively flat, thin surface structure having a top surface and an opposing bottom surface, and an electrically-operated radiant heating panel that has opposed front and back surfaces and is about the same size and shape as the surface structure. A fastening system mechanically couples the front surface of heating panel to the bottom surface of the surface structure.
1 . A surface structure assembly that is adapted to be heated when electrically connected to a source of electrical power, comprising:
a relatively flat, thin surface structure having a top surface and an opposing bottom surface;
an electrically-operated radiant heating panel that has opposed front and back surfaces and is about the same size and shape as the surface structure; and
a fastening system that mechanically couples the front surface of heating panel to the bottom surface of the surface structure.
2 . The surface structure assembly of claim 1 wherein the mechanical coupling of the heating panel to the surface structure is indirect.
3 . The surface structure assembly of claim 2 wherein the mechanical coupling of the heating panel to the surface structure is accomplished with epoxy between the bottom surface of the surface structure and the front surface of the heating panel.
4 . The surface structure assembly of claim 1 wherein the back surface of the heating panel is covered with a mechanically protective and electrically insulating medium.
5 . The surface structure assembly of claim 4 wherein the heating panel comprise two or more heater segments that are electrically coupled in series.
6 . The surface structure assembly of claim 4 wherein the heating panel comprise two or more heater segments that are electrically coupled in parallel.
7 . The surface structure assembly of claim 4 wherein the heater segments each comprise a planar electrically resistive medium and electrical busses running along opposite first and second edges of the medium.
8 . The surface structure assembly of claim 7 wherein the heater segments are located adjacent to but spaced from one another.
9 . The surface structure assembly of claim 8 wherein the faces of the resistive medium are covered with a mechanically protective and electrically insulating medium.
10 . The surface structure assembly of claim 9 further comprising a conduit with one end partially embedded in the mechanically protective and electrically insulating medium that covers the back surface of the heating panel, wherein the conductors that electrically connect the heating panel to a power source are fed through the conduit.
11 . The surface structure assembly of claim 10 further comprising a device that detects temperature and that is embedded in the heater panel and comprises conductors that are also fed through the conduit.
12 . The surface structure assembly of claim 1 further comprising a ground plane located adjacent to the front surface of the heating panel.
13 . The surface structure assembly of claim 1 further comprising a thermally conductive medium adjacent to the front surface of the heating panel.
14 . The surface structure assembly of claim 1 further comprising a heat reflective layer located adjacent to the back surface of the heating panel.
15 . The surface structure assembly of claim 1 further comprising a thermally insulating layer located adjacent to the back surface of the heating panel.
16 . The surface structure assembly of claim 1 wherein the heating panel comprises a resistive sheet that comprises carbon fibers.
17 . The surface structure assembly of claim 1 wherein the heating panel comprises a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) or negative temperature coefficient (NTC) material.
18 . The surface structure assembly of claim 1 wherein the radiant heating panel comprises a thermally conductive medium with two heater elements laminated one on top of the other and adjacent to the front surface of the heating panel.
19 . The surface structure assembly of claim 18 further comprising controls that are adapted to be used to monitor the heater elements, and wherein in the event of degraded performance of one heater element below an acceptable threshold, the controls automatically switch to the second heater element.
20 . A radiant heating system for a relatively flat, thin surface structure having a top surface and an opposing bottom surface, the heating system comprising:
an electrically-operated radiant heating panel that has opposed front and back surfaces and is about the same size and shape as the surface structure; and
a fastening system that mechanically couples the front surface of heating panel to the bottom surface of the surface structure.
21 . The radiant heating system of claim 20 wherein the mechanical coupling of the heating panel to the surface structure is indirect.
22 . The radiant heating system of claim 21 wherein the mechanical coupling of the heating panel to the surface structure is accomplished with epoxy between the bottom surface of the surface structure and the front surface of the heating panel.
23 . The radiant heating system of claim 20 wherein the back surface of the heating panel is covered with a mechanically protective and electrically insulating medium.
24 . The radiant heating system of claim 23 wherein the heating panel comprise two or more heater segments that are electrically coupled in series or in parallel.
25 . The radiant heating system of claim 24 wherein the heater segments each comprise a planar electrically resistive medium and electrical busses running along opposite first and second edges of the medium.
26 . The radiant heating system of claim 25 wherein the heater segments are located adjacent to but spaced from one another.
27 . The radiant heating system of claim 26 wherein the faces of the resistive medium are covered with a mechanically protective and electrically insulating medium.
28 . The radiant heating system of claim 27 further comprising a conduit with one end partially embedded in the mechanically protective and electrical insulating medium that covers the back surface of the heating panel, wherein the conductors that electrically connect the heating panel to a power source are fed through the conduit.
29 . The radiant heating system of claim 28 further comprising a device that detects temperature and that is embedded in the heater panel and comprises conductors that are also fed through the conduit.
30 . The radiant heating system of claim 20 further comprising a ground plane located adjacent to the front surface of the heating panel.
31 . The radiant heating system of claim 20 further comprising a thermally conductive medium adjacent to the front surface of the heating panel.
32 . The radiant heating system of claim 20 further comprising a heat reflective layer located adjacent to the back surface of the heating panel.
33 . The radiant heating system of claim 20 further comprising a thermally insulating layer located adjacent to the back surface of the heating panel.
34 . The radiant heating system of claim 20 wherein the heating panel comprises a resistive sheet that comprises carbon fibers.
35 . The radiant heating system of claim 20 wherein the heating panel comprises a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) or negative temperature coefficient (NTC) material.
36 . The radiant heating system of claim 20 wherein the radiant heating panel comprises a thermally conductive medium with two heater elements laminated one on top of the other and adjacent to the front surface of the heating panel.
37 . The radiant heating system of claim 36 further comprising controls that are adapted to be used to monitor the heater elements, and wherein in the event of degraded performance of one heater element below an acceptable threshold, the controls automatically switch to the second heater element.