Extruded self-clumping cat litter
Litter formed of extruded pellets containing water soluble binder sufficient to self-clump when wetted producing pellet clumps having a clump retention rate of at least 90% and which shrink after clump formation during drying producing a clump pulls away from any contacting solid surface minimizing adhesion therebetween. Such clumps preferably also have a crush strength of at least 15 PSI when dry. Pellets preferably contain water-soluble binder formed of starch physically modified during extrusion that solubilizes when wetted to facilitate clumping while opening the interior of the pellet improving absorption capacity. A preferred litter is formed of a mixture of extruded pellets of different sizes producing litter composed of extruded pellets falling within a plurality of different size ranges with the smaller sized pellets being fines that cause horizontally extending clumps to form on top of the litter.
1. A cat litter comprised of:
a plurality of pairs of pellets extruded from a starch-containing material, each one of the extruded pellets having a water absorbency of at least 4.5 times pellet weight and containing at least 7.5% water-soluble binder by pellet weight, the water-soluble binder in each extruded pellet formed from starch in the starch-containing material modified into the water-soluble binder during pellet extrusion; and
wherein:
(a) between 60% and 95% of the extruded pellets of the cat litter are extruded pellets of a first size range and which have a size greater than 1.0 mm and less than 3.0 mm; and
(b) between 5% and 40% of the extruded pellets of the cat litter are more extruded pellets of a second size range and which have a size greater than 0.5 mm and less than 1.0 mm; and
wherein wetting with water (i) a plurality of the extruded pellets first size range, and (ii) a plurality of the extruded pellets of the second size range forms a clump comprised thereof extending generally horizontally on top of the cat litter.
2. The eat litter of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble binder in each one of the extruded pellets comprises a cold water-soluble binder that is water soluble at temperatures below 110° Fahrenheit.
3. The cat litter of claim 1 , wherein each one of the extruded pellets is comprised of a water solubles content that is greater than the water-soluble binder content of each one of the extruded pellets, the water solubles content formed of starch in the starch-containing mixture that is modified during pellet extrusion.
4. The cat litter of claim 3 , wherein each one of the extruded pellets is comprised of at least 15% water solubles content by pellet weight.
5. The cat litter of claim 1 , wherein each extruded pellet is comprised of at least 50% starch by pellet weight.
6. The cat litter of claim 5 , wherein each extruded pellet is comprised of no more than 50% cellulose by pellet weight.
7. The cat litter of claim 1 , wherein the clump has a clump retention rate of at least 99%.
8. The cat litter of claim 1 , wherein the clump has a clump crush strength of at least 35 pounds per square inch when the clump is dried to a moisture content of no greater than 20% by clump weight.
9. The cat litter of claim 1 , wherein the clump shrinks at least 5% after clump formation when the clump is dried to a moisture content of no greater than 20% by clump weight.
10. The cat litter of claim 1 , wherein (i) the plurality of the wetted extruded pellets of the first size range, and (ii) the plurality of the wetted extruded pellets of the second size range that form the clump absorb at least one times a weight in water of (i) the plurality of unspent or unused extruded pellets of the first size range, and (ii) the plurality of unspent or unused extruded pellets of the second size range within 60 seconds of being wetted with the water.
11. The cat litter of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble binder in (i) the plurality of the wetted extruded pellets of the first size range, and (ii) the plurality of the wetted extruded pellets of the second size range are solubilized when wet with water into a flowable adhesive that flows therefrom and increases in viscosity over time into an adhesive gel that adhesively glues together the (i) the plurality of the wetted extruded pellets of the first size range, and (ii) the plurality of the wetted extruded pellets of the second size range into the clump comprised thereof.
12. The cat litter of claim 1 , wherein the extruded pellets of the second size range comprise fines.
13. A cat litter comprised of:
a plurality of pairs of pellets extruded from a starch-containing material, each one of the extruded pellets having a water absorbency of at least 4.5 times pellet weight and containing at least 7.5% cold water-soluble binder by pellet weight, the at least 7.5% cold water-soluble binder in each extruded pellet formed from starch in the starch-containing material physically modified into the cold water-soluble binder during pellet extrusion and which is an amount of cold water-soluble binder sufficient to form a clump of the plurality of pairs of pellets when wetted with water; and
wherein:
(a) between 60% and 95% of the extruded pellets of the cat litter are extruded pellets of a first size range and which have a size greater than 1.0 mm and less than 3.0 mm; and
(b) between 5% and 40% of the extruded pellets of the cat litter are extruded pellets of a second size range and which have a size greater than 0.5 mm and less than 1.0 mm; and
wherein the cat litter comprised of (i) the plurality of the extruded pellets of the first size range defined in (a), and the plurality of the extruded pellets of the second size range defined in (b) form a clump comprised thereof when (i) the plurality of the extruded pellets of the first size range defined in (a), and (ii) the plurality of the extruded pellets of the second size range defined in (b) are wetted with water, the clump extending generally horizontally on top of the cat litter.
14. The cat litter of claim 13 , wherein the cold water-soluble binder is water soluble at temperatures below 110° Fahrenheit.
15. The cat litter of claim 13 , wherein each one of the extruded pellets is comprised of a cold water solubles content that is greater than the cold water-soluble binder content of each one of the extruded pellets, the water solubles content formed of starch in the starch-containing mixture that is modified during pellet extrusion.
16. The cat litter of claim 15 , wherein each one of the extruded pellets is comprised of at least 15% cold water solubles content by pellet weight.
17. The cat litter of claim 13 , wherein each extruded pellet is comprised of at least 50% starch by pellet weight.
18. The cat litter of claim 17 , wherein each extruded pellet is comprised of no more than 50% cellulose by pellet weight.
19. The cat litter of claim 13 , wherein the clump has a clump retention rate of at least 99%.
20. The cat litter of claim 13 , wherein the clump has a clump crush strength of at least 35 pounds per square inch when the clump is dried to a moisture content of no greater than 20% by clump weight.
21. The cat litter of claim 13 , wherein the clump shrinks at least 5% after clump formation when the clump is dried to a moisture content of no greater than 20% by clump weight.
22. The cat litter of claim 13 , wherein (i) the plurality of the wetted extruded pellets of the first size range, and (ii) the plurality of the wetted extruded pellets of the second size range that form the clump absorb at least one times a weight in water of (i) the plurality of unspent or unused extruded pellets of the first size range, and (ii) the plurality of unspent or unused extruded pellets of the second size range within 60 seconds of being wetted with the water.
23. The cat litter of claim 13 , wherein the cold water-soluble binder in (i) the plurality of the wetted extruded pellets of the first size range, and (ii) the plurality of the wetted extruded pellets of the second size range is solubilized when wet with water into a flowable adhesive that flows therefrom and increases in viscosity over time into an adhesive gel that adhesively glues together the (i) the plurality of the wetted extruded pellets of the first size range, and (ii) the plurality of the wetted extruded pellets of the second size range into the clump comprised thereof.