Low-voltage analog variable gain amplifier with enhanced linearity
In a variable gain amplifier, a base of a bipolar first transistor receives a first differential input signal. The emitter of the first transistor is connected in series between a first resistor and a MOSFET coupled to ground. An output of the amplifier is a current through the collector. The conductivity of the MOSFET controls a gain of the amplifier. A bipolar second transistor receives a second differential input signal, and the second transistor provides a modulated gate voltage to the MOSFET. The drain voltage of the MOSFET is modulated by the first differential input signal and thus undesirably generates distortion. To reduce the distortion, the modulated gate voltage causes the AC component for a certain DC voltage at the drain of the MOSFET to be lowered, improving linearity. Since no current source is used, the amplifier has a large headroom, allowing operation using a low operating voltage.
1. A variable gain amplifier comprising:
a first transistor having a control terminal, a first current handling terminal, and a second current handling terminal, the first transistor receiving at its control terminal a first input voltage for modulating a current through the first transistor, the second current terminal providing an output current of the first transistor;
a first resistance having a first terminal coupled to the first current handling terminal of the first transistor; and
a first MOSFET having a control terminal, a first current handling terminal and a second current handling terminal, wherein the second current handling terminal of the first MOSFET is coupled to a second terminal of the first resistance, and wherein the first current handling terminal of the first MOSFET is coupled to ground,
the first MOSFET receiving at its control terminal a combined bias voltage and a signal proportional to the first input voltage.
2. The amplifier of claim 1 wherein the first transistor is a bipolar transistor.
3. The amplifier of claim 1 wherein the first transistor is a MOSFET.
4. The amplifier of claim 1 further comprising:
a second transistor having a control terminal, a first current handling terminal, and a second current handling terminal, the second transistor receiving at its control terminal a second input voltage for modulating a current through the second transistor, the second input voltage being complimentary to the first input voltage;
a second resistance having a first terminal coupled to the second current handling terminal of the second transistor; and
a gain control voltage coupled to a second terminal of the second resistance, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the gate of the first MOSFET to supply the combined bias voltage and the signal proportional to the first input voltage.
5. The amplifier of claim 4 further comprising a controllable first disabling circuit coupled between the first terminal of the second resistance and the gate of the first MOSFET.
6. The amplifier of claim 5 further comprising a second MOSFET and a third resistance coupled in parallel with the first MOSFET and the first resistance, the second MOSFET having a control terminal receiving the combined bias voltage and the signal proportional to the first input voltage.
7. The amplifier of claim 6 further comprising a controllable second disabling circuit coupled between the first terminal of the second resistance and the gate of the second MOSFET, wherein the first disabling circuit and the second disabling circuit are independently controllable.
8. The amplifier of claim 4 further comprising a transformer coupled to the control terminal of the first transistor for modulating the first input voltage to cause the output current of the amplifier to be an RF signal.
9. The amplifier of claim 1 wherein the amplifier is part of an I or Q channel in a quadrature modulator in an RF transmitter.
10. The amplifier of claim 1 wherein the bias voltage is a DC signal and the first input voltage is an AC signal.
11. The amplifier of claim 10 wherein the first input voltage comprises a DC component.
12. A method performed by a variable gain amplifier comprising:
providing a first input voltage to a control terminal of a first transistor for modulating a current through the first transistor, the first transistor also having a first current handling terminal, and a second current handling terminal, the second current terminal providing an output current; and
providing a combined bias voltage and a signal proportional to the first input voltage to a control terminal of a first MOSFET, the first MOSFET also having a first current handling terminal and a second current handling terminal, wherein the second current handling terminal of the first MOSFET is coupled to the first current handling terminal of the first transistor via a first resistance, wherein the first current handling terminal of the first MOSFET is coupled to ground, and wherein providing the combined bias voltage and the signal proportional to the first input voltage to the control terminal of the first MOSFET modulates a conductivity of the first MOSFET to improve linearity of the amplifier.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the first transistor is a bipolar transistor.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the first transistor is a MOSFET.
15. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
providing a second input voltage to a control terminal of a second transistor for modulating a current through the second transistor, the second input voltage being complimentary to the first input voltage, the second transistor also having a first current handling terminal and a second current handling terminal,
wherein a second resistance has a first terminal coupled to the second current handling terminal of the second transistor; and
providing a gain control voltage to a second terminal of the second resistance, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the gate of the first MOSFET to provide the combined bias voltage and the signal proportional to the first input voltage.
16. The method of claim 12 wherein the bias voltage is a DC signal and the first input voltage is an AC signal.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the first input voltage comprises a DC component.