Battery including beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide electrochemically active cathode material
View Patent ↗The invention is directed towards a battery. The battery includes a cathode, an anode, a separator between the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte. The cathode includes a conductive additive and an electrochemically active cathode material. The electrochemically active cathode material includes a beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide. The beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide has a chemical formula. The chemical formula is Li x A y Ni 1+a−z M z O 2 .nH 2 O where x is from about 0.02 to about 0.20; y is from about 0.03 to about 0.20; a is from about 0 to about 0.2; z is from about 0 to about 0.2; and n is from about 0 to about 1. Within the chemical formula, A is an alkali metal. The alkali metal includes potassium, rubidium, cesium, and any combination thereof. Within the chemical formula, M comprises an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a non-transition metal, and any combination thereof. The anode includes an electrochemically active anode material. The electrochemically active anode material includes zinc, zinc alloy, and any combination thereof.
1. A battery comprising:
a cathode comprising a conductive additive and an electrochemically active cathode material, the electrochemically active cathode material comprising a beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide;
an anode comprising an electrochemically active anode material, the electrochemically active anode material comprising zinc, zinc alloy, and any combination thereof;
a separator between the cathode and the anode;
an electrolyte; and
the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide comprising a chemical formula, the chemical formula comprising Li x A y Ni 1+a−z M z O 2 .nH 2 O wherein:
x is from about 0.02 to about 0.20;
y is from about 0.03 to about 0.20;
a is from about 0 to about 0.2;
z is from about 0 to about 0.2;
n is from about 0 to about 1;
A comprising an alkali metal comprising potassium, rubidium, cesium, and any combination thereof; and
M comprising an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a non-transition metal, and any combination thereof.
2. The battery of claim 1 comprising a ratio of water extractable potassium hydroxide content, in grams, to electrochemically active cathode material content, in grams, less than about 0.1.
3. The battery of claim 1 comprising a ratio of water extractable potassium hydroxide content, in grams, to electrochemically active cathode material content, in grams, from about 0.05 to about 0.1.
4. The battery of claim 1 comprising a ratio of water extractable potassium hydroxide content, in moles, to electrochemically active anode material content, in moles, less than about 0.2.
5. The battery of claim 1 comprising a ratio of acid extractable potassium hydroxide content, in moles, to electrochemically active cathode material content, in moles, greater than about 0.2.
6. The battery of claim 1 comprising a ratio of water extractable potassium content, in grams, to acid extractable potassium content, in grams, less than about 0.9.
7. The battery of claim 1 comprising a ratio of water extractable potassium content, in grams, to acid extractable potassium content, in grams, from about 0.45 to about 0.75.
8. The battery of claim 1 comprising a ratio of total water content, in grams, to electrochemically active cathode material content, in grams, greater than about 0.25.
9. The battery of claim 1 comprising a ratio of total water content, in grams, to electrochemically active cathode material content, in grams, from about 0.27 to about 0.35.
10. The battery of claim 1 comprising a ratio of total water content, in moles, to electrochemically active cathode material content, in moles, greater than about 1.7.
11. The battery of claim 1 , the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide comprising a gravimetric capacity of greater than about 350 mAh/g.
12. The battery of claim 1 , the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide comprising a gravimetric capacity of from about 350 mAh/g to about 400 mAh/g.
13. The battery of claim 1 , the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide wherein A is potassium and y is from about 0.08 to about 0.13.
14. The battery of claim 1 , the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide wherein x is from about 0.03 to about 0.12.
15. The battery of claim 1 , the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide comprising a potassium content of less than about 7 weight percent.
16. The battery of claim 1 , the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide comprising a potassium content of from about 3 weight percent to about 7 weight percent.
17. The battery of claim 1 comprising an open circuit voltage of from about 1.7 volts to about 1.8 volts.
18. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery further comprises:
a housing, the housing comprising an outer surface; and
a label, the label comprising a voltage tester;
wherein the label is affixed to the outer surface of the housing.