Rotary drill bits comprising maraging steel and methods of forming such drill bits
View Patent ↗A method of forming an earth-boring tool includes introducing metal into a die, rotating the die to generate centrifugal forces on the metal, and cooling the metal in the rotating die. A rotary drill bit may include a unitary, centrifugally cast bit body including an integral shank, at least one blade, and at least one cutting element on the blade. A rotary drill bit or a roller cone may include a first centrifugally cast material and a second centrifugally cast material. Another rotary drill bit includes a bit body comprising a maraging steel alloy. A method of forming a rotary drill bit may include disposing cutting elements on a rotary drill bit comprising maraging steel and aging the rotary drill bit to form at least one intermetallic precipitate phase. Methods of repairing a rotary drill bit include annealing and aging at least a portion of a rotary drill bit.
1. A rotary drill bit, comprising:
a bit body comprising a radially outward portion, a binding portion, and at least one radially inward portion, the binding portion abutting an inner surface of the radially outward portion and an outer surface of the at least one radially inward portion, the radially outward portion comprising a first metal, the binding portion comprising a second metal, and the at least one radially inward portion comprising a third metal, the second metal having a composition different from the first metal and the third metal, the first metal and the third metal each comprising a maraging steel alloy including iron, nickel, and an intermetallic precipitate phase; and
at least one cutting element disposed on the first radially outward portion.
2. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 , wherein the first metal and the third metal each comprise:
from about 15 wt % to about 20 wt % nickel;
from about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % cobalt;
from about 2 wt % to about 6 wt % molybdenum; and
from about 0.1 wt % to about 2.0 wt % titanium.
3. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 , wherein the first metal and the third metal are each substantially free of carbon.
4. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cutting element comprises at least one polycrystalline diamond compact cutting element secured to the bit body.
5. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 , further comprising a hardfacing material over at least a portion of the bit body.
6. The rotary drill bit of claim 1 , wherein the bit body comprises at least one blade.
7. A method of forming a rotary drill bit, comprising:
forming at least a portion of a bit body of a rotary drill bit comprising a radially outward portion, a binding portion, and at least one radially inward portion, the binding portion abutting an inner surface of the radially outward portion and an outer surface of the at least one radially inward portion, the radially outward portion comprising a first metal, the binding portion comprising a second metal, and the at least one radially inward portion comprising a third metal, the second metal having a composition different from the first metal and the third metal, the first metal and the third metal each comprising a maraging steel alloy including iron, nickel, and at least one of cobalt, molybdenum, and titanium;
disposing at least one cutting element on the bit body; and
aging the at least a portion of the bit body at a temperature of at least 450° C. to form at least one intermetallic precipitate phase in the at least a portion of the bit body.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein forming at least a portion of the bit body comprises hot forging the maraging steel alloy.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein forming at least a portion of the bit body comprises casting the maraging steel alloy.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein casting the maraging steel alloy comprises cooling the maraging steel alloy to solidify the maraging steel alloy from a molten state in a rotating die to form the at least a portion of the bit body.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein casting the maraging steel alloy comprises pouring the maraging steel alloy into a die in a molten state.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
cooling the maraging steel alloy in the die to solidify the maraging steel alloy from a molten state; and
removing the cooled maraging steel alloy from the die.
13. The method of claim 7 , wherein forming at least a portion of the bit body comprises forming the maraging steel alloy to be substantially free of carbon.
14. The method of claim 7 , wherein aging the at least a portion of the bit body at a temperature of at least 450° C. comprises increasing a strength of the at least a portion of the bit body.
15. The method of claim 7 , further comprising applying a hardfacing material to at least one surface of the bit body.
16. The method of claim 7 , wherein forming at least a portion of a bit body comprises forming at least one of a fixed-cutter bit body and a roller cone.
17. The method of claim 7 , wherein disposing at least one cutting element on the bit body comprises securing at least one separately formed cutting element to the bit body.
18. The method of claim 7 , wherein disposing at least one cutting element on the bit body comprises disposing at least one cutting element on the bit body before aging the at least a portion of the bit body.
19. The method of claim 7 , wherein disposing at least one cutting element on the bit body comprises disposing at least one cutting element on the bit body after aging the at least a portion of the bit body.
20. A rotary drill bit, comprising:
a bit body comprising:
a first metal comprising a maraging steel alloy including iron, nickel, and an intermetallic precipitate phase;
a second metal having a different composition than the first metal, the second metal bound to an inner surface of the first metal; and
a third metal bound to an inner surface of the second metal, the third metal comprising a maraging steel alloy including iron, nickel, and an intermetallic precipitate phase, wherein the third metal has a higher strength than the first metal and is in a radially inward position relative to the second metal, wherein the first metal has a higher hardness than the third metal, and wherein the first metal is in a radially outward position relative to the second metal; and
at least one cutting element disposed on the bit body.