Polyvinyl alcohol fibers and films with mineral fillers and small cellulose particles
The present invention is directed to an article of manufacture, which can be a fiber and or a film. In one aspect, the fiber or the film comprises a polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and an inorganic filler comprising particles having an average diameter of less than about 20 micrometers. The PVOH has a degree of hydrolysis of greater than about 95% and is present in a range between about 20 wt. % and about 99 wt. % based on the total fiber weight. Methods of making the fibers and films are also disclosed.
1. An article of manufacture comprising:
a polyvinyl alcohol;
an inorganic filler comprising particles having an average diameter of less than about 20 micrometers, wherein the inorganic filler is present in a range between about 25 wt. % and about 50 wt. % based on the total article weight; and
cellulose particles present in a range between about 1 wt. % and about 50 wt. % based on the total article weight;
wherein the polyvinyl alcohol has a degree of hydrolysis of greater than about 95% and is present in a range between about 20 wt. % and about 70 wt. % based on the total article weight.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the article is a fiber or a film.
3. The article of claim 2 , wherein the inorganic filler particles have an average diameter of less than about 3 micrometers.
4. The article of claim 2 , wherein the inorganic filler is precipitated calcium carbonate, ground calcium carbonate, gypsum, titanium dioxide, clay, silica, or any combination thereof.
5. The article of claim 2 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol is present in a range between about 40 wt. % and about 60 wt. % based on the total weight of the fiber or the film.
6. The article of claim 2 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol has a degree of polymerization in a range between about 500 and about 3,000.
7. The article of claim 6 , wherein the degree of polymerization is in a range between about 1,000 and about 1,600.
8. The article of claim 2 , wherein the degree of hydrolysis is greater than about 98%.
9. The article of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose particles are cellulose nanofibrils or cellulose fines.
10. The article of claim 9 , wherein the cellulose particles are hardwood kraft pulp particles, softwood kraft pulp particles, hardwood sulfite pulp particles, softwood sulfite pulp particles, grass pulp particles, or any combination thereof.
11. The article of claim 1 , further comprising a processing aid.
12. The article of claim 11 , wherein the processing aid is present in a range between about 0.5 wt. % and about 10 wt. % based on the total article weight.
13. The article of claim 11 , wherein the processing aid is carboxymethylcellulose, starch, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, dialdehydes boric acid carbonate, zirconium ammonium carbonate, glyoxalated polyacrylamide, polyamide-epichlorohydrin, polyamine-epichlorohydrin, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, polyethyleneimine, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerol, or any combination thereof.
14. The article of claim 1 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol is partially soluble in water at a temperature of less than about 98° C.
15. The article of claim 14 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol is partially soluble in water at a temperature in a range between about 75° C. and about 95° C.
16. The article of claim 1 , further comprising a CO 2 -generating acid.
17. The article of claim 1 , further comprising CO 2 -generating sodium bicarbonate.