Circuit breaker with stacked breaker modules

1. A circuit breaker comprising:

a stack of a plurality of stacked breaker modules electrically arranged in series in a current path between a first terminal and a second terminal of the circuit breaker, wherein each breaker module includes:

a mechanical switching assembly having a mechanical switch;

a semiconductor switching assembly having a semiconductor switch; and

an arrester assembly having at least one surge arrester;

wherein the mechanical switching assembly, the semiconductor switching assembly and the arrester assembly are electrically arranged parallel to each other, and

wherein the individual breaker modules are selectively trippable for switching the individual breaker modules individually from one another such that a total counter voltage is adjustable by a number of breaker modules that are tripped.

2. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein each breaker module comprises:

a first contact surface connected to a first terminal of the mechanical switching assembly, to a first terminal of the semiconductor switching assembly and to a first terminal of the arrester assembly; and

a second contact surface connected to a second terminal of the mechanical switching assembly, to a second terminal of the semiconductor switching assembly and to a second terminal of the arrester assembly,

wherein each of the first and the second contact surfaces are located on opposite sides of their breaker module, and wherein the contact surfaces of neighboring breaker modules in the stack are electrically connected to each other.

3. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein each mechanical switching assembly includes a power supply, and wherein the circuit breaker comprises:

a galvanically insulated power feeder for feeding power to the power supplies.

4. The circuit breaker of claim 3 , wherein the power feeder comprises:

a light source, and wherein each power supply includes a photocell for converting power from the light source to an electrical current.

5. The circuit breaker of claim 3 , wherein the power feeder comprises:

a drive and a shaft rotatable by the drive, wherein each power supply includes a generator for converting a rotation of the shaft to an electrical current.

6. The circuit breaker of claim 3 , wherein the power feeder comprises:

a fluid duct and a pump for pumping a fluid through the duct, wherein each power supply includes a turbine and a generator for converting a flow of the fluid to an electrical current.

7. The circuit breaker of claim 3 , wherein each power supply comprises:

a power storage unit for storing electrical energy received via the power feeder.

8. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , comprising:

at least ten of the breaker modules.

9. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein each mechanical switching assembly comprises:

at least a first and a second contact member; and

an actuator configured to mutually displace the first and the second contact members in a direction transversally to a stacking direction of the breaker modules.

10. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein each semiconductor switching assembly comprises:

a plurality of semiconductor switches arranged in series and/or in parallel.

11. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein each arrester assembly comprises:

a plurality of varistors electrically arranged parallel to each other.

12. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein each breaker module forms a mechanical unit that is removable from the circuit breaker as a whole.

13. The circuit breaker of claim 12 , wherein, each breaker module comprises:

a frame, and

wherein the mechanical switching assembly, the semiconductor switching assembly and the arrester assembly are mounted to the frame.

14. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical switching assembly of each breaker module is configured for operation in its switched-on-state in normal operation for conducting a current, and

wherein a current within each breaker module can be switched-off by switching the current to the semiconductor switching assembly in its on-state first and then by switching to its off-state commutating the current to the arrester assembly.

15. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein in a current limitation mode the breaker modules are configured to be switchable in an intermediary state such that a current path across the stack will be guided through the arrester assembly in a first amount of breaker modules, and through the mechanical switching assembly in a second amount of breaker modules.

16. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , comprising:

a control unit that is connected to the breaker modules.

17. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , configured such that a fault current decay and dissipation of energy is controllable or can be actively modulated in a post-fault transition time by switching the modules in either a pre-determined pattern or based on local or remote current and voltage measurement signals.

18. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein the circuit breaker is configured to be scalable to different voltage ratings by varying a number of breaker modules arranged in series.

19. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , configured for switching voltages of at least 1 kV.

20. The circuit breaker of claim 19 , configured for switching voltages of at least 72 kV.

21. The circuit breaker of claim 19 , wherein the switching voltages are DC voltages.

22. An AC or DC network comprising:

at least one circuit breaker according to claim 1 .

23. The circuit breaker of claim 3 , wherein each mechanical switching assembly comprises:

at least a first and a second contact member; and

an actuator configured to mutually displace the first and the second contact members in a direction transversally to a stacking direction of the breaker modules.

24. The circuit breaker of claim 23 , wherein each semiconductor switching assembly comprises:

a plurality of semiconductor switches arranged in series and/or in parallel.

25. The circuit breaker of claim 24 , wherein each arrester assembly comprises:

a plurality of varistors electrically arranged parallel to each other.