Systems and methods for using transport time to estimate engine aftertreatment system characteristics

1. A control system, comprising:

a controller comprising a processor configured to:

receive a first signal from a first sensor indicative of a first exhaust measurement, wherein the first sensor is disposed at an inlet of a catalytic converter system;

derive one or more of an estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay of an exhaust conduit based on the first signal, wherein a first end of the exhaust conduit is connected to an outlet of an engine, and a second end of the exhaust conduit is connected to the catalytic converter system inlet;

apply the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay of the exhaust conduit to control a fuel flow, an airflow, or a combination thereof, of the engine; and

adjust a baseline gain rate to derive an adjusted gain rate by decreasing the baseline gain rate if the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay is greater than a baseline length, a baseline volume, or a baseline transport delay; by increasing the baseline gain rate if the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay is smaller than the baseline length, the baseline volume, or the baseline transport delay; or a combination thereof, and wherein the adjusted gain rate is applied to control the fuel flow, the airflow, or the combination thereof, of the engine.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to derive the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay of the exhaust conduit based on the first signal by deriving a time delay between an adjustment to the engine and an exhaust stream encountering the first sensor.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the adjustment to the engine comprises a fuel flow adjustment, an air flow adjustment, or a combination thereof.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to receive a second signal from a second sensor indicative of a second exhaust measurement, wherein the second sensor is disposed at the engine outlet, and wherein the processor is configured to derive the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay of the exhaust conduit based on the first signal, the first signal and the second signal, or a combination thereof.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the processor is configured to derive the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay of the exhaust conduit based on the first signal and the second signal by deriving a time delay between the first signal and the second signal as an exhaust stream traverses between the first sensor and the second sensor.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to:

receive a second signal from a second sensor indicative of a second exhaust measurement, wherein the second sensor is disposed at a catalytic converter system outlet of the catalytic converter system;

derive an oxygen storage estimate for the catalytic converter system based on the first signal and the second signal; and

apply the oxygen storage estimate to control the fuel flow, the airflow, or the combination thereof, of the engine.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor comprises an oxygen sensor.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor comprises a carbon monoxide sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, an ammonia sensor, a temperature sensor, or a combination thereof.

9. A method for controlling an engine, comprising:

receiving, via a processor, a first signal from a first sensor indicative of a first exhaust measurement, wherein the first sensor is disposed at an inlet of a catalytic converter system;

deriving, via the processor, one or more of an estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay for an exhaust conduit based on the first signal, wherein a first end of the exhaust conduit is connected to an engine outlet of the engine and a second end of the exhaust conduit is connected to the catalytic converter system inlet;

applying, via the processor, the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay to control a fuel flow, an airflow, or a combination thereof, of the engine; and

adjusting, via the processor, a baseline gain rate to derive an adjusted gain rate by decreasing the baseline gain rate if the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay is greater than a baseline length, a baseline volume, or a baseline transport delay; by increasing the baseline gain rate if the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay is smaller than the baseline length, the baseline volume, or the baseline transport delay; or a combination thereof, and wherein the adjusted gain rate is applied to control the fuel flow, the airflow, or the combination thereof, of the engine.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the processor is configured to derive the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay of the exhaust conduit based on the first signal by deriving a time delay between an adjustment to the engine and an exhaust stream encountering the first sensor.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the processor is configured to receive a second signal from a second sensor indicative of a second exhaust measurement, wherein the second sensor is disposed at the engine outlet, and wherein the processor is configured to derive the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay of the exhaust conduit based on the first signal, the first and the second signal, or a combination thereof.

12. The method of claim 11 , comprising:

receiving a third signal from a third sensor indicative of a third exhaust measurement, wherein the third sensor is disposed at a catalytic converter system outlet of the catalytic converter system;

deriving an oxygen storage estimate for the catalytic converter system based on the first signal and the third signal; and

applying the oxygen storage estimate to control the fuel flow, the airflow, or the combination thereof, of the engine.

13. A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising executable instructions, that when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:

receive a first signal from a first sensor indicative of a first exhaust measurement, wherein the first sensor is disposed at a catalytic converter system inlet of a catalytic converter system;

derive one or more of an estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay of an exhaust conduit based on the first signal, wherein a first end of the exhaust conduit is connected to an outlet of an engine, and a second end of the exhaust conduit is connected to the catalytic converter system inlet;

apply the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay of the exhaust conduit to control a fuel flow, an airflow, or a combination thereof, of the engine; and

adjust the fuel flow, the air flow, or the combination thereof, based on an adjusted gain rate, wherein the adjusted gain rate is derived by decreasing a baseline gain rate if the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay is greater than a baseline length, a baseline volume, or a baseline transport delay; by increasing the baseline gain rate if the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay is smaller than the baseline length, the baseline volume, or the baseline transport delay; or a combination thereof.

14. The tangible non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 , wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to derive the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay of the exhaust conduit based on the first signal by deriving a time delay between an adjustment to the engine and an exhaust stream encountering the first sensor.

15. The tangible non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 , wherein the instructions are configured to receive a second signal from a second sensor indicative of a second exhaust measurement, wherein the second sensor is disposed at the engine outlet, and wherein the instructions are configured to derive the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay of the exhaust conduit based on the first signal, the first signal and the second signal, or a combination thereof.

16. The tangible non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the instructions configured to derive the one or more of estimated length, estimated volume, or estimated transport delay of the exhaust conduit based on the first signal and the second signal comprise instructions configured to derive a time delay between the first signal and the second signal as an exhaust stream traverses between the first sensor and the second sensor.

17. The tangible non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 , wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to:

receive a second signal from a second sensor indicative of a second exhaust measurement, wherein the second sensor is disposed at a catalytic converter system outlet of the catalytic converter system;

derive an oxygen storage estimate for the catalytic converter system based on the first signal and the second signal; and

apply the oxygen storage estimate to control the fuel flow, the airflow, or the combination thereof, of the engine.