Multifunction electrode with combined heating and EWOD drive functionality
An EWOD (or AM-EWOD) device includes a reference electrode and a plurality of array elements, each array element including an array element electrode, and control electronics. In a first mode optimized for EWOD actuation, the control electronics is configured to control a supply of time varying voltages to the array element electrodes and the reference electrode, thereby generating an actuation voltage as a potential difference between voltages at the array element electrodes and the reference electrode. The reference electrode includes a first electrical connection and a second electrical connection. In a second mode, the control electronics further is configured to supply an electrical current flow between the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection to generate resistance heat for controlling temperature of the EWOD device. Control may include sensing a temperature of the EWOD device, and switching between operating in the first or second mode based on the sensed temperature.
1. An electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) device comprising:
a first substrate on which there is deposited a reference electrode;
a plurality of array elements including a second substrate different from the first substrate on which there is deposited a plurality of array element electrodes, the first and second substrates defining a gap for receiving a droplet, and each array element including an array element electrode from among the plurality of array element electrodes; and
control electronics configured to control a supply of time varying voltages to the array element electrodes and the reference electrode, thereby generating an actuation voltage as a potential difference between voltages at the array element electrodes and the reference electrode;
wherein:
the reference electrode includes a first electrical connection and a second electrical connection, and the control electronics further is configured to supply an electrical current flow between the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection to generate resistance heat for controlling temperature of the EWOD device;
the control electronics includes a first voltage supply for supplying a voltage to the first electrical connection, and a second voltage supply for supplying a voltage to the second electrical connection;
the control electronics further includes a switch located between the second voltage supply and the second electrical connection; and
wherein the switch is switchable between an open position and a closed position, the open position corresponding to an EWOD actuation mode in which there is no current flow between the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection, and the closed position corresponding to a heating mode in which current flows between the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection to generate the resistance heat for controlling temperature the EWOD device.
2. An electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) device comprising:
a reference electrode;
a plurality of array elements including a plurality of array element electrodes, each array element including an array element electrode from among the plurality of array element electrodes; and
control electronics configured to control a supply of time varying voltages to the array element electrodes and the reference electrode, thereby generating an actuation voltage as a potential difference between voltages at the array element electrodes and the reference electrode;
wherein:
the reference electrode includes a first electrical connection and a second electrical connection, and the control electronics further is configured to supply an electrical current flow between the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection to generate resistance heat for controlling temperature of the EWOD device;
the control electronics includes a first voltage supply for supplying a voltage to the first electrical connection, and a second voltage supply for supplying a voltage to the second electrical connection;
the control electronics further includes a switch located between the second voltage supply and the second electrical connection; and
the switch is switchable between an open position and a closed position, the open position corresponding to an EWOD actuation mode in which there is no current flow between the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection, and the closed position corresponding to a heating mode in which current flows between the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection to generate the resistance heat for controlling temperature the EWOD device.
3. The EWOD device of claim 2 , wherein the control electronics further includes a first amplifier located between the first voltage supply and the first electrical connection for maintaining the voltage supply to the first electrical connection.
4. The EWOD device of claim 2 , wherein the first voltage supply is an alternating current (AC) voltage supply, and the second voltage supply is a direct current (DC) voltage supply.
5. The EWOD device of claim 2 , wherein the control electronics further includes a resistor between the second voltage supply and the second electrical connection, the resistor operating to reduce a proportional resistance of, and voltage drop across, the reference electrode.
6. The EWOD device of claim 2 , wherein the control electronics further includes a double pole switch for switching source voltages to the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection.
7. The EWOD device of claim 3 , wherein the first voltage supply is an alternating current (AC) voltage supply, and the second voltage supply is supplied by second electrical connection, the second amplifier having a different gain from the first amplifier.
8. The EWOD device of claim 2 , wherein the reference electrode has a plurality of first regions of low resistance having a higher conductance relative to other second regions of the reference electrode.
9. The EWOD device of claim 2 , further comprising:
thin film electronics that includes at least a portion of the control electronics;
the thin film electronics being disposed on the second substrate; and
a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a computer program that is executed to control the control electronics.
10. The EWOD device of claim 8 , wherein the reference electrode has a plurality of third regions of high resistance having a lower conductance relative to the first and second regions of the reference electrode.
11. The EWOD device of claim 8 , wherein the first and/or third regions run in parallel along a length of the reference electrode.
12. The EWOD device of claim 2 , wherein the EWOD device is an active matrix electrowetting on dielectric (AM-EWOD) device.
13. An electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) device comprising:
a reference electrode;
a plurality of array elements including a plurality of array element electrodes, each array element including an array element electrode from among the plurality of array element electrodes; and
control electronics configured to control a supply of time varying voltages to the array element electrodes and the reference electrode, thereby generating an actuation voltage as a potential difference between voltages at the array element electrodes and the reference electrode;
wherein:
the reference electrode includes a first electrical connection and a second electrical connection, and the control electronics further is configured to supply an electrical current flow between the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection to generate resistance heat for controlling temperature of the EWOD device;
the control electronics includes a first voltage supply for supplying a voltage to the first electrical connection, and a second voltage supply for supplying a voltage to the second electrical connection; and
wherein the control electronics further includes a resistor between the second voltage supply and the second electrical connection, the resistor operating to reduce a proportional resistance of, and voltage drop across, the reference electrode.
14. The EWOD device of claim 13 , wherein the first voltage supply is an alternating current (AC) voltage supply, and the second voltage supply is a direct current (DC) voltage supply.
15. The EWOD device of claim 13 , wherein the control electronics further includes a double pole switch for switching source voltages to the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection.