Olfactory application controller integrated circuit
An integrated circuit that senses ambient gas concentrations includes a microcontroller, gas sensors, heating resistors and an analog-to-digital converter. A first gas sensor measures a first attribute of a gas concentration, and a second gas sensor measures a second attribute of the gas concentration. The first attribute varies with the gas concentration differently than does the second attribute. The microcontroller controls the duty cycles of signals driven through the heating resistors to adjust the temperatures of the resistors, which are thermally coupled to the gas sensors. A first heating resistor increases the temperature of the first gas sensor to a first target temperature, and a second heating resistor increases the temperature of the second gas sensor to a second target temperature. The analog-to-digital converter converts the attributes measured by the first and second gas sensors into digital values. The microcontroller then uses the digital values to compute the gas concentration.
1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a microcontroller;
a nonvolatile memory;
a set of at least two gas sensors, wherein the gas sensors are exposed to air, wherein each gas sensor has an attribute, wherein the attribute of each gas sensor has a different dependency on a gas concentration;
a set of heating resistors, wherein each heating resistor is associated with an associated gas sensor, wherein each heating resistor raises the temperature of the associated gas sensor to a target temperature;
an analog-to-digital converter operable to convert the attributes of the gas sensors into digital values, wherein the digital values corresponding to at least two gas sensors are used by the microcontroller to compute the gas concentration, wherein the at least two gas sensors are differentially sensitive to the gas concentration; and
a communication circuit operable to communicate the gas concentration information out of the integrated circuit.
2. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , further comprising a humidity sensor and an ambient temperature sensor, wherein information from the humidity sensor and ambient temperature sensor are used in computing the gas concentration.
3. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the integrated circuit is field programmable.
4. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the integrated circuit is encapsulated in a plastic package with an opening for gas molecules to enter and interact with the gas sensors.
5. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a microcontroller;
a nonvolatile memory;
a set of at least two gas sensors, wherein the gas sensors are exposed to air, wherein each gas sensor has an attribute, wherein the attribute of each gas sensor has a different dependency on a gas concentration;
a set of heating resistors, wherein each heating resistor is associated with an associated gas sensor, wherein each heating resistor raises the temperature of the associated gas sensor to a target temperature;
an analog-to-digital converter operable to convert the attributes of the gas sensors into digital values, wherein the digital values corresponding to at least two gas sensors are used by the microcontroller to compute the gas concentration, wherein the at least two gas sensors are differentially sensitive to the gas concentration; and
a communication circuit operable to communicate the gas concentration information out of the integrated circuit, and wherein the nonvolatile memory stores sensor calibration parameters.
6. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a microcontroller;
a nonvolatile memory;
a set of at least two gas sensors, wherein the gas sensors are exposed to air, wherein each gas sensor has an attribute, wherein the attribute of each gas sensor has a different dependency on a gas concentration;
a set of heating resistors, wherein each heating resistor is associated with an associated gas sensor, wherein each heating resistor raises the temperature of the associated gas sensor to a target temperature;
an analog-to-digital converter operable to convert the attributes of the gas sensors into digital values, wherein the digital values corresponding to at least two gas sensors are used by the microcontroller to compute the gas concentration, wherein the at least two gas sensors are differentially sensitive to the gas concentration; and
a communication circuit operable to communicate the gas concentration information out of the integrated circuit, and wherein the nonvolatile memory stores pattern recognition weight matrices for computing the gas concentration.
7. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a microcontroller;
a nonvolatile memory;
a set of at least two gas sensors, wherein the gas sensors are exposed to air, wherein each gas sensor has an attribute, wherein the attribute of each gas sensor has a different dependency on a gas concentration;
a set of heating resistors, wherein each heating resistor is associated with an associated gas sensor, wherein each heating resistor raises the temperature of the associated gas sensor to a target temperature;
an analog-to-digital converter operable to convert the attributes of the gas sensors into digital values, wherein the digital values corresponding to at least two gas sensors are used by the microcontroller to compute the gas concentration, wherein the at least two gas sensors are differentially sensitive to the gas concentration; and
a communication circuit operable to communicate the gas concentration information out of the integrated circuit, and wherein the integrated circuit computes the gas concentration with data from at least one gas sensor at two different temperatures.
8. The integrated circuit of claim 7 , wherein each heating resistor is driven by a driving signal having a pulse-width-modulation duty cycle, wherein the pulse-width-modulation duty cycle is controlled by the microcontroller to set the heating resistor to a target temperature.
9. The integrated circuit of claim 7 , wherein the integrated circuit does not drive the heating resistors to produce heat when an abnormal gas concentration or humidity is detected.
10. The integrated circuit of claim 7 , further comprising an auto-scan circuit to sequentially convert the attributes of the gas sensors into digital values and store the digital values into a result register.
11. An apparatus comprising:
a first gas sensor that measures a first attribute of a gas concentration;
a second gas sensor that measures a second attribute of the gas concentration, wherein the first attribute varies with the gas concentration differently than does the second attribute, and wherein the first gas sensor and the second gas sensor are differently sensitive to the gas concentration;
a first heating resistor that sets a temperature of the first gas sensor to a first target temperature;
a second heating resistor that sets a temperature of the second gas sensor to a second target temperature; and
an analog-to-digital converter that converts the attributes measured by the first gas sensor and the second gas sensor into digital values that are used to compute the gas concentration.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the first heating resistor is driven with a signal having a pulse-width-modulation duty cycle, wherein the pulse-width-modulation duty cycle is controlled to set the first heating resistor to the first target temperature.
13. The apparatus of claim 11 , further comprising:
a humidity sensor; and
an ambient temperature sensor, wherein information from the humidity sensor and the ambient temperature sensor is used to compute the gas concentration.
14. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the apparatus is field programmable device.
15. The apparatus of claim 11 , further comprising:
a nonvolatile memory that stores sensor calibration parameters.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the nonvolatile memory stores pattern recognition weight matrices that are used to compute the gas concentration.
17. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the integrated circuit is encapsulated in a plastic package with an opening for gas molecules to enter and interact with the first and second gas sensors.
18. A method comprising:
driving a first signal through a heating resistor thermally coupled to a gas sensor;
raising the temperature of the gas sensor to a target temperature by adjusting a duty cycle of the first signal;
generating a temperature signal indicative of the temperature of the gas sensor;
generating a sensor signal indicative of a gas concentration at the gas sensor;
converting the temperature signal into temperature data;
converting the sensor signal into sensor data;
calibrating the sensor data and the temperature data;
storing the sensor data and the temperature data in a nonvolatile memory;
generating pattern recognition weight matrices by running pattern recognition learning algorithms on the sensor data and the temperature data stored in the nonvolatile memory; and
computing a value of the gas concentration using the pattern recognition weight matrices.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
adjusting the value of the gas concentration based on humidity and ambient temperature measurements.
20. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
adjusting the sensor data based on an age of the gas sensor.