FRONTLIGHT SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE ANGLE LIGHT-TURNING FEATURES
This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for light-guiding layers including light-turning features with multiple reflective surfaces oriented at different angles to the light-guiding layer. In one aspect, the multiple reflective surfaces may be located on each individual light-turning feature, while in another aspect, the multiple reflective surfaces may be located on separate light-turning features. The use of multiple reflective surfaces oriented at different angles can improve the efficiency and appearance of a frontlight system using such a light-guiding layer.
1 . A light-turning structure comprising:
a light-guiding layer including a first generally planar surface and a second generally planar surface; and
a plurality of reflective light-turning features extending into the light-guiding layer and adjacent the first surface of the light-guiding layer, each of the plurality of reflective light-turning features having a sidewall including:
a first reflective surface proximal the first surface of the light-guiding layer, oriented at a first angle relative to a normal of the first surface of the light-guiding layer; and
a second reflective surface distal the first surface of the light-guiding layer from the first reflective surface, wherein at least a portion of the second reflective surface is oriented at a second angle to the normal of the first surface of the light-guiding layer, the second angle larger than the first angle.
2 . The structure of claim 1 , wherein the second reflective surface is conical.
3 . The structure of claim 1 , wherein the second reflective surface is a portion of a frustum extending from the distal edge of the first reflective surface.
4 . The structure of claim 1 , wherein the second reflective surface is curved.
5 . The structure of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of reflective light-turning features have an ellipsoidal cross-section.
6 . The structure of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of reflective light-turning features is rotationally symmetric about an axis orthogonal to the first surface of the light-guiding layer.
7 . The structure of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of reflective light-turning features includes:
a masking layer; and
a reflective layer located between the light-turning layer and the masking layer.
8 . The structure of claim 7 , wherein the masking layer is opaque and less reflective than the reflective layer.
9 . The structure of claim 7 , wherein the masking layer covers the side of the reflective layer facing the masking layer.
10 . The structure of claim 1 , wherein the light-turning layer includes a first material, the structure additionally including a cladding layer formed over the first surface of the light-turning layer, wherein the cladding layer is formed from a second material, and wherein the index of refraction of the first material is greater than the index of refraction of the second material.
11 . A reflective display device, comprising:
an array of reflective display elements; and
a frontlight system configured to illuminate the array of reflective display elements, the frontlight system including:
a light-guiding layer having a first edge, a first generally planar surface, and a second generally planar surface;
a light source configured to inject light into the light-guiding layer through the first edge of the light-guiding layer; and
a plurality of light-turning features configured to reflect light out of the light-guiding layer through the second surface of the light-guiding layer and towards the array of reflective display elements, the plurality of light-turning features including a first plurality of reflective surfaces facing the first edge of the light-guiding layer and oriented at a first angle to the first surface of the light-guiding layer and a second plurality of reflective surface facing the first edge of the light-guiding layer and oriented at a second angle to the first surface of the light-guiding layer.
12 . The reflective display device of claim 11 , wherein the second reflective surface is conical.
13 . The reflective display device of claim 11 , wherein the second reflective surface is a portion of a frustum extending from the distal edge of the first reflective surface.
14 . The reflective display device of claim 11 , wherein the second reflective surface is curved.
15 . The reflective display device of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of light-turning features include a first subset of light-turning features including the first plurality of reflective surfaces, and a second subset of light-turning features including the second plurality of reflective surfaces.
16 . The reflective display device of claim 11 , additionally including:
a processor that is configured to communicate with the array of reflective display elements, the processor being configured to process image data; and
a memory device that is configured to communicate with the processor.
17 . The reflective display device of claim 16 , additionally including:
a driver circuit configured to send at least one signal to the array of reflective display elements; and
a controller configured to send at least a portion of the image data to the driver circuit.
18 . The reflective display device of claim 16 , additionally including an image source module configured to send the image data to the processor, wherein the image source module comprises at least one of a receiver, transceiver, and transmitter.
19 . The reflective display device of claim 16 , additionally including an input device configured to receive input data and to communicate the input data to the processor.
20 . A light-turning structure comprising:
a light-guiding layer configured to constrain light propagating therein via total internal reflection, the light-guiding layer having a first edge, a first generally planar surface, and a second generally planar surface;
first light-turning means for turning light last reflected off of the first generally planar surface towards the second generally surface at an angle which allows the reflected light to pass through the second generally planar surface; and
second light-turning means for turning light last reflected off the second generally planar surface towards the second generally planar surface at an angle which allows the reflected light to pass through the second generally planar surface.
21 . The structure of claim 20 , wherein the structure includes a plurality of reflective light-turning features extending into the light-guiding layer and adjacent the first surface of the light-guiding layer, wherein:
the first light-turning means includes a reflective surface of the plurality of light-turning features located proximal the first generally planar surface and oriented at a first angle relative to a normal of the first surface of the light-guiding layer; and
the second light-turning means include a second reflective surface of the plurality of light-turning features located distal the first generally planar surface of the light-guiding layer from the first reflective surface, wherein at least a portion of the second reflective surface is oriented at a second angle to the normal of the first surface of the light-guiding layer, the second angle larger than the first angle.
22 . The structure of claim 20 , wherein the structure includes a plurality of reflective light-turning features extending into the light-guiding layer and adjacent the first surface of the light-guiding layer, wherein:
the plurality of reflective light-turning features includes a first subset of light-turning features and a second subset of light-turning features;
the first light-turning means includes a reflective surface of the first subset of light-turning features, oriented at a first angle relative to a normal of the first surface of the light-guiding layer; and
the second light-turning means includes a reflective surface of the second subset of light-turning features, oriented at a second angle relative to a normal of the first surface of the light-guiding layer, the second angle larger than the first angle.