Synchronous machine monitoring and determination of a loss-of-field event using time stamped electrical and mechanical data
Electrical power machines are monitored and a loss-of-field event is determined thereof using time stamped mechanical conditions and electrical conditions. The mechanical conditions may include rotational position, calculated and time stamped rotational frequency, valve position, temperature, or vibration. The time stamped electrical conditions may include electrical power system frequency, electrical power machine field data, electrical power machine terminal information such as voltage and current, and the like. Electrical and mechanical time-stamped electrical power machine data from different machines that may be local or remote from each other may be compared for monitoring the machines.
1. An intelligent electronic device (“IED”) for monitoring a synchronous electrical power machine, comprising:
a time input in communication with a common time reference;
a mechanical data input in communication with the electrical power machine for providing a rotor position signal from the electrical power machine to the IED;
an electrical data input for receiving electrical power machine electrical data, comprising:
a field data input in communication with an exciter of the electrical power machine providing field current signals from the electrical power machine; and,
a monitoring module in communication with the time input, the mechanical data input, and the electrical data input, and configured to:
calculate rotor angles of the synchronous electrical power machine using the rotor position signal;
calculate a transformation of the field current signals to a rotating reference frame using the rotor angles of the synchronous electrical power machine to form dq currents;
during a successful operation of the electrical power machine without event, calculate a dq current baseline from the calculated dq currents during the successful operation;
following the successful operation of the synchronous electrical power machine:
calculate a present dq current of the synchronous electrical power machine using the rotor angles and the field current signals;
compare the present dq current with the baseline; and
signal an alarm when the present dq current differs from the baseline by more than a predetermined threshold.
2. An intelligent electronic device (“IED”) comprising:
a time input in communication with a common time reference;
a machine mechanical data input in communication with an electrical machine for providing a rotor position signal from the electrical machine;
a field data input in communication with an exciter of the electrical machine providing field current signals from the electrical machine;
a mechanical data module in communication with the time input and the machine mechanical data input for calculating rotor angles of a rotor of the electrical machine and time stamping the rotor angles using a time signal from the time input;
a field data module in communication with the field data input and the time input for calculating a transformation of the field current signals to a rotating reference frame using the rotor angles of the electrical machine to form dq currents, and time stamping the dq currents using the time signal from the time input; and,
a monitoring module in communication with the field data module and the mechanical data module, configured to
determine a successful operation of the electrical machine as operation of the electrical machine without event for a predetermined time;
calculate a dq current baseline from the calculated dq currents during the successful operation of the electrical machine;
following the successful operation of the electrical machine:
calculating a present dq current of the electrical machine from the rotor angles and the field current signals;
comparing the present dq current against the calculated dq current baseline; and,
when the calculated dq current is outside of the dq current baseline, determine a loss-of-field event of the electrical machine.
3. The intelligent electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the monitoring module is configured to determine whether the present dq current of the electric machine is outside of the dq current baseline by more than a predetermined margin.
4. The intelligent electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the monitoring module is further configured to store the dq current baseline.
5. The intelligent electronic device of claim 4 , wherein the monitoring module is further configured to compare a present dq current baseline with a past dq current baseline.
6. The intelligent electronic device of claim 5 , wherein the monitoring module is further configured to assert an alarm when a difference between the present dq current baseline and the past dq current baseline exceeds a predetermined threshold.
7. The intelligent electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the electrical machine comprises a synchronous generator.
8. The intelligent electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the electrical machine comprises a synchronous motor.
9. A method for monitoring an electrical power machine, comprising:
an intelligent electronic device (“IED”) measuring a rotor position of the electrical power machine and calculating a rotor angle of the electrical power machine using the measured rotor position;
the IED measuring field data from a field data input in communication with an exciter of the electrical power machine and calculating a field current of the electrical power machine using the field data;
calculating a transformation of the field current to a rotating reference frame using the rotor angles of the electrical power machine during a successful operation of the electrical power machine without event to form a dq current baseline of the electrical power machine;
calculating a transformation of the field current to a rotating reference frame using the rotor angles of the electrical power machine following the calculation of the dq current baseline to form a present dq current of the electrical power machine; and
determining a loss-of-field event of the electrical power machine when a difference between the present dq current and the baseline dq current exceeds a predetermined margin.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising the step of comparing a present dq current baseline against a past dq current baseline.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising the step of asserting an alarm when a difference between the present dq current baseline and the past dq current baseline exceeds a predetermined threshold.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the electric power machine comprises a synchronous generator.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the electric power machine comprises a synchronous motor.