Lightning protection system for wind turbine rotor blades

1. A wind turbine rotor blade, comprising:

a blade root, a blade tip, and a pressure side and a suction side extending between the blade tip and the blade root, the pressure and suction sides defining an internal cavity; and,

a lightning conductive circuit comprising at least one electrical conductor and at least one semiconductor located within the internal cavity at the blade root,

wherein the electrical conductor electrically couples the blade tip to a ground conductor, and wherein the electrical conductor electrically couples the semiconductor between one or more spar caps located on either or both of the pressure or suction sides and the ground conductor.

2. The wind turbine blade of claim 1 , wherein the at least one semiconductor comprises at least one of a varistor, a spark gap, or a diode.

3. The wind turbine blade of claim 2 , wherein the varistor comprises a metal oxide varistor (MOV).

4. The wind turbine blade of claim 1 , wherein the at least one electrical conductor comprises a cable wire.

5. The wind turbine blade of claim 4 , wherein the electrical conductor further comprises a plurality of conductive members electrically coupling the one or more spar caps located on either or both of the pressure or suction sides to the ground conductor.

6. The wind turbine blade of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of conductive members comprises cable wires extending from the electrical conductor.

7. The wind turbine blade of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of conductive members electrically couple the blade tip to a pressure side spar cap and a suction side spar cap and to the ground conductor.

8. The wind turbine blade of claim 7 , wherein the lightning conductive circuit further comprises at least two semiconductors, wherein one of the semiconductors is electrically coupled to the pressure side spar cap and the ground conductor via one or more of the conductive members, and wherein another one of the semiconductors is electrically coupled to the suction side spar cap and the ground conductor via one or more of the conductive members.

9. The wind turbine blade of claim 1 , wherein the electrical conductor is electrically coupled to the either or both of the pressure or suction side spar caps of the rotor blade via one or more electrical connections, wherein the electrical connections comprise one or more fasteners configured partially through either or both of the pressure or suction side spar caps of the rotor blade.

10. The wind turbine blade of claim 1 , wherein the electrical conductor further comprises at least one terminal end that extends through the blade root to the ground conductor.

11. A lightning protection system for a wind turbine rotor blade, the lightning protection system comprising:

a lightning conductive circuit comprising at least one electrical conductor and at least one semiconductor, the semiconductor configured for placement at a blade root of the rotor blade,

wherein the electrical conductor is configured to electrically couple a blade tip of the rotor blade to a ground conductor, and wherein the electrical conductor is configured to electrically couple the semiconductor between one or more spar caps located on either or both of the pressure or suction sides at the blade root and the ground conductor.

12. The lightning protection system of claim 11 , wherein the at least one semiconductor comprises at least one of a varistor, a spark gap, or a diode.

13. The lightning protection system of claim 12 , wherein the varistor comprises a metal oxide varistor (MOV).

14. The lightning protection system of claim 11 , wherein the at least one electrical conductor comprises a cable wire.

15. The lightning protection system of claim 11 , wherein the electrical conductor further comprises a plurality of conductive members configured to electrically couple the one or more spar caps located on either or both of the pressure or suction sides to the ground conductor.

16. The lightning protection system of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of conductive members comprises cable wires extending from the electrical conductor.

17. The lightning protection system of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of conductive members are configured to electrically couple the blade tip to a pressure side spar cap and a suction side spar cap and to the ground conductor.

18. The lightning protection system of claim 17 , wherein the lightning conductive circuit further comprises at least two semiconductors, wherein at least one of the plurality of conductive members is configured to electrically couple one of the semiconductors to the pressure side spar cap and the ground conductor, and wherein at least another one of the conductive members is configured to electrically couple another one of the semiconductors to the suction side spar cap and the ground conductor.

19. The lightning protection system of claim 11 , wherein the electrical conductor further comprises at least one terminal end that extends through the blade root to the ground conductor.

20. A wind turbine, comprising:

a tower;

a nacelle mounted atop the tower;

a rotor hub comprising a plurality of rotor blades mounted thereto, each of the rotor blades comprising a blade root, a blade tip, and a pressure side and a suction side extending between the blade tip and the blade root, the pressure and suction sides defining an internal cavity;

at least one of the rotor blades further comprising:

a lightning conductive circuit comprising at least one electrical conductor and at least one semiconductor located within the internal cavity at the blade root,

wherein the electrical conductor electrically couples the blade tip to a ground conductor, and wherein the electrical conductor electrically couples the semiconductor between one or more spar caps located on either or both of the pressure or suction sides and the ground conductor.