Resin-coated substrate compositions and methods of making the same
A resin-coated substrate composition includes a resin-coated substrate comprising a particulate substrate coated with a polymer resin, and an additive comprising bentonite or a zeolite. A method of preparing a resin-coated substrate composition includes heating a particulate substrate, and mixing the heated substrate with a polymer resin and an additive such as bentonite or a zeolite. In some embodiments, a foundry sand composition includes the resin-coated substrate composition. In some embodiments, a proppant sand composition includes the resin-coated substrate composition.
1. A resin-coated substrate composition, comprising a mixture comprising:
a pre-cured resin-coated substrate comprising a particulate substrate coated with a partially cured polymer resin; and
an additive comprising bentonite and/or a zeolite present in the resin-coated substrate composition in an amount of 0.03 to 0.5 wt %,
wherein upon additional cure of the partially cured polymer resin:
the resin-coated substrate composition registers an ammonia emission of about 15 ppm or less as detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and/or
the resin-coated substrate composition registers a phenol emission of about 20 ppm or less as detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and/or
an amount of formaldehyde emission of the resin-coated substrate composition is undetectable by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and/or
the resin-coated substrate composition registers a total volatile component emission of less than about 100 ppm as detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
2. The resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises a zeolite having an average particle size of about 1 micron to about 10 microns.
3. The resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises a zeolite having an average pore size of about 2 Å to about 14 Å.
4. The resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises bentonite particles in which about 50% to about 90% of the bentonite particles have a particle size of about 200 mesh or less.
5. The resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the particulate substrate comprises silica-based sand.
6. The resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the partially cured polymer resin comprises a phenolic resin, a novolac resin, a resole resin, a urea-formaldehyde resin, or a combination thereof.
7. The resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the partially cured polymer resin comprises a phenolic resin and/or a novolac resin.
8. The resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a cross-linking agent.
9. The resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 8 , wherein the cross-linking agent comprises hexamethylene tetramine.
10. The resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a compatibilizing agent, a de-veining agent, a mold release agent and/or an odor control agent.
11. The resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the additive is present in an amount of about 0.035 wt % to about 0.5 wt % based on a total weight of the resin-coated substrate composition.
12. The resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the resin-coated substrate composition registers an ammonia emission of about 15 ppm or less as detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
13. The resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the resin-coated substrate composition registers a phenol emission of about 20 ppm or less as detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
14. The resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of formaldehyde emission of the resin-coated substrate composition is undetectable by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
15. The resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the resin-coated substrate composition registers a total volatile component emission of less than about 100 ppm as detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
16. A method of preparing a resin-coated substrate composition, the method comprising:
heating a particulate substrate to form a heated particulate substrate;
mixing the heated particulate substrate with a polymer resin and partially curing the polymer resin on the particulate substrate to form a pre-cured resin-coated substrate; and
mixing an additive with the pre-cured resin-coated substrate, the additive comprising bentonite or a zeolite in an amount of 0.03 to 0.5 wt % of the resin-coated substrate composition,
wherein upon additionally curing the pre-cured resin-coated substrate:
the resin-coated substrate composition registers an ammonia emission of about 15 ppm or less as detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and/or
the resin-coated substrate composition registers a phenol emission of about 20 ppm or less as detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and/or
an amount of formaldehyde emission of the resin-coated substrate composition is undetectable by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and/or
the resin-coated substrate composition registers a total volatile component emission of less than about 100 ppm as detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
17. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising mixing a cross-linking agent, an odor control agent, a compatibilizing agent, a mold release agent and/or a de-veining agent with the heated particulate substrate, the polymer resin or the additive.
18. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising adding an accelerant to the heated particulate substrate, the polymer resin or the additive.
19. A composition, comprising a foundry sand comprising the resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 .
20. A composition, comprising a proppant sand comprising the resin-coated substrate composition according to claim 1 .