Membrane-supported catalyst removal in the epoxidation of cyclic unsaturated C12 compounds, for example cyclododecene (CDEN)
View Patent ↗A homogeneous catalyst system is removed from a reaction mixture of two liquid phases by separating the two liquid phases with a membrane having at least one separation-active layer in such a way that the homogeneous catalyst system is at least partially concentrated in a membrane retentate; wherein the reaction mixture contains at least one partially epoxidized cyclic unsaturated compound having twelve carbon atoms; and wherein the membrane separation-active layer contains crosslinked a silicone acrylate and/or polydimethylsiloxane and/or polyimide.
1. A method to prepare an epoxidized cyclic unsaturated compound comprising twelve carbon atoms, comprising:
epoxidizing a cyclic unsaturated compound comprising 12 carbon atoms with hydrogen peroxide in a two phase organic aqueous system in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst and phase transfer reagent;
separating and removing the aqueous phase to obtain an organic phase containing the epoxidized cyclic unsaturated compound comprising twelve carbon atoms, the homogeneous catalyst and the phase transfer reagent;
contacting the organic phase with a membrane under a transmembrane pressure of 5 to 80 bar to obtain a permeate comprising the epoxidized cyclic unsaturated compound comprising twelve carbon atoms and a retentate comprising the homogeneous catalyst and phase transfer reagent;
wherein the membrane is a composite membrane comprising a support material and a membrane separation-active layer comprising a crosslinked silicone acrylate and
the homogeneous catalyst comprises an oxide, a mixed oxide, an oxoacid, a salt of an oxoacid, a carbonyl derivative, a sulphide, a chloride, an oxychloride or a stearate of an element selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous phase comprises the hydrogen peroxide.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cyclic unsaturated compound comprising twelve carbon atoms is cyclododecene.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the phase transfer reagent is a tertiary or quaternary ammonium compound.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the phase transfer reagent is a quaternary ammonium compound and is an esterquat of formula (I)
wherein the substituents R are independently identical or different alkyl or alcohol groups comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and at least one of the substituents R is an alcohol group which comprises from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and which has been esterified with a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid comprising from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and X 31 is a counteranion.
6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the phase transfer reagent is a quaternary ammonium compound and is a quaternary ammonium compound ester according to formulae (II) and (III)
wherein Z denotes one or more saturated or unsaturated fatty acids comprising from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and X 31 is a counteranion.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the silicone acrylate is of formula IV:
wherein
a is from 1 to 500, b is from 1 to 25 and c is from 0 to 20,
the substituents R 1 are independently identical or different alkyl or aryl groups which comprise from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and which may bear at least one ether, ester, epoxy and/or hydroxy group,
the substituents R 2 are independently identical or different substituents selected from the group consisting of R 1 , R 3 and R 4 ,
the substituents R 3 are independently identical or different acrylate groups of formulae V or VI:
wherein d is from 0 to 12, e is from 0 to 1, f is from 0 to 12, g is from 0 to 2, h is from 1 to 3 and g+h is 3,
the substituents R 6 are independently identical or different alkyl or aryl groups comprising from 1 to 30 carbon atoms or hydrogen,
the groups R 7 are identical or different divalent hydrocarbon radicals,
the substituents R 4 are independently identical or different polyether groups of formula (VII):
wherein i is from 0 to 12, j is from 0 to 50, k is from 0 to 50 and l is from 0 to 50,
the substituents R 8 are identical or different alkyl or aryl groups comprising from 2 to 30 carbon atoms and
R 9 is an alkyl, aryl or acyl group comprising from 2 to 30 carbon atoms or hydrogen.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the separation-active layer is arranged on a carrier material selected from the group consisting of polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyether ether ketone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyamide, polyamide-imide, polyethersulphone, polybenzimidazole, sulphonated polyether ketone, polyethylene, polypropylene and mixtures thereof.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the the applied transmembrane pressure is from 10 to 60 bar.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the separation is carried out at a temperature of from 25° C. to 160° C.
11. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the groups R 7 are identical or different divalent hydrocarbon radicals of the formula —CR 6 2 —.
12. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the groups R 7 are CH 2 .
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the epoxidizing and the separating are carried out simultaneously.