Catalytically enhanced compositions for efficient removal of contaminants in flue gas streams
A sorbent composition that is useful for injection into a flue gas stream of a coal burning furnace to efficiently remove mercury from the flue gas stream. The sorbent composition may include a sorbent with an associated ancillary catalyst component that is a catalytic metal, a precursor to a catalytic metal, a catalytic metal compound or a precursor to a catalytic metal compound. Alternatively, a catalytic metal or metal compound, or their precursors, may be admixed with the coal feedstock prior to or during combustion in the furnace, or may be independently injected into a flue gas stream. A catalytic promoter may also be used to enhance the performance of the catalytic metal or metal compound.
1. A sorbent composition for the removal of contaminants from a flue gas stream, the sorbent composition comprising:
a powdered activated carbon sorbent, the sorbent having a mean particle diameter (D50) of not greater than about 25 μm, a surface area of at least about 350 m 2 /g and total pore volume of at least about 0.20 cc/g; and
an ancillary catalyst component selected from the group consisting of,
(i) a catalytic metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, Pd, Au, Ag, Pt, Ir, V, Ni, Ti, Ce, and combinations thereof,
(ii) a precursor to a catalytic metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, Pd, Au, Ag, Pt, Ir, V, Ni, Ti, Ce, and combinations thereof, wherein the precursor is selected from the group of consisting of metal hydroxides, metal sulfates, metal carbonates, metal nitrates, metal halides, and combinations thereof, and
(iii) combinations of the catalytic metal and the precursor to the catalytic metal.
2. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition further comprises a halogen.
3. The sorbent composition of claim 2 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises not greater than about 15 wt. % of the halogen.
4. The sorbent composition of claim 2 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises not greater than about 6 wt. % of the halogen.
5. The sorbent composition of claim 2 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises not greater than about 3 wt. % of the halogen.
6. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises substantially no halogens.
7. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the ancillary catalyst component is coated onto the powdered activated carbon sorbent.
8. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the powdered activated carbon sorbent has a mean particle diameter (D50) of not greater than about 20 μm.
9. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the powdered activated carbon sorbent has a mean particle diameter (D50) of not greater than about 15 μm.
10. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises at least about 0.001 wt. % of the ancillary catalyst component.
11. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises at least about 0.002 wt. % of the ancillary catalyst component.
12. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises at least about 0.004 wt. % of the ancillary catalyst component.
13. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises at least about 0.010 wt. % of the ancillary catalyst component.
14. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises not greater than about 20 wt. % of the ancillary catalyst component.
15. The sorbent composition of any of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition comprises not greater than about 5 wt. % of the ancillary catalyst component.
16. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic metal is selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, and combinations thereof.
17. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the ancillary catalyst component comprises the precursor to the catalytic metal compound.
18. The sorbent composition of claim 17 , wherein the precursor to the catalytic metal is selected from the group consisting of copper (II) chloride (CuCl 2 ), copper (II) nitrate (Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ), copper (II) hydroxide (Cu(OH) 2 ), copper (II) carbonate (CuCO 3 ), and copper (II) sulfate (CuSO 4 ).
19. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , further comprising a catalytic promoter dispersed on the powdered activated carbon.
20. The sorbent composition of claim 19 , wherein the catalytic promoter comprises a promoter metal compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds.
21. The sorbent composition of claim 19 , wherein the catalytic promoter comprises a metal in elemental form or in the form of a metal oxide, metal hydroxide, or metal salt, the metal being selected from the group consisting of Al, Li, Na, K, Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Mg and combinations thereof.
22. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the ancillary catalyst component comprises copper (II) chloride.
23. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the ancillary catalyst component comprises copper (II) sulfate.
24. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the ancillary catalyst component comprises the precursor to the catalytic metal, and wherein the precursor to the catalytic metal is selected to convert to the catalytic metal upon injection into a flue gas stream having a temperature of from about 120° C. to about 370° C.