Solid electrolytic capacitor assembly for use at high temperatures
A capacitor assembly that is capable of exhibiting good properties under hot conditions. The ability to perform under such conditions is due in part to the use of an intrinsically conductive polymer in the solid electrolyte that contains repeating units having the following formula (I): wherein, R is (CH 2 ) a —O—(CH 2 ) b ; a is from 0 to 10; b is from 1 to 18; Z is an anion; and X is a cation. The resulting capacitor assembly may exhibit excellent electrical properties even when exposed to high temperatures.
1. A capacitor assembly that is in contact with a hot atmosphere having a temperature of about 80° C. or more, the capacitor assembly comprising a capacitor element that includes an anode that contains a dielectric formed on a sintered porous body and a solid electrolyte overlying the anode, wherein the sintered porous body is formed from a valve metal powder having a specific charge of from about 70,000 to about 800,000 μF*V/g and having a granular shape and an aspect ratio of about 4 or less, wherein the solid electrolyte includes an intrinsically conductive polymer containing repeating units having the following formula (I):
wherein,
R is (CH 2 ) a —O—(CH 2 ) b ;
a is from 0 to 10;
b is from 1 to 18;
Z is an anion;
X is a cation, and
an external polymer coating that overlies the solid electrolyte, wherein the external polymer coating contains a plurality of pre-polymerized conductive polymer particles, and wherein a ratio of an average size of the particles employed in the external polymer coating to an average size of the particles employed in any dispersion of the solid electrolyte is from about 1.5 to about 30;
wherein the solid electrolyte contains one or more inner layers, the inner layers containing the intrinsically conductive polymer and being generally free of extrinsically conductive polymers; and
wherein a ratio of a capacitance value of the assembly after being exposed to the hot atmosphere for about 550 hours to a capacitance value of the assembly when initially exposed to the hot atmosphere is from about 0.7 to 1.0.
2. The capacitor assembly of claim 1 , wherein the capacitor assembly exhibits a capacitance value of about 30 nanoFarads per square centimeter or more, measured at a frequency of 120 Hz.
3. The capacitor assembly of claim 2 , wherein the capacitor assembly exhibits a capacitance value of about 30 nanoFarads per square centimeter or more when exposed to the hot atmosphere for about 100 hours or more.
4. The capacitor assembly of claim 1 , wherein the capacitor assembly has a rated voltage, and wherein the ratio of the capacitance value of the assembly after being exposed to the hot atmosphere and the rated voltage to the capacitance value of the assembly when exposed to the hot atmosphere but prior to being applied with the rated voltage is from about 0.7 to 1.0.
5. The capacitor assembly of claim 4 , wherein the rated voltage is about 15 volts or more.
6. The capacitor assembly of claim 4 , wherein the ratio of the capacitance value of the assembly after being exposed to the hot atmosphere for about 550 hours at a voltage of 25 volts to a capacitance value of the assembly in the hot atmosphere but prior to being applied with the voltage is from about 0.7 to 1.0.
7. The capacitor assembly of claim 4 , wherein the capacitor assembly has a forming ratio of about 2.6 or less.
8. The capacitor assembly of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the capacitance value of the assembly after being subjected to 1000 pulses at a rated voltage in the hot atmosphere and the capacitance value of the assembly prior to applying the pulses is from about 0.7 to 1.0.
9. The capacitor assembly of claim 1 , wherein the anode body includes tantalum.
10. The capacitor assembly of claim 1 , wherein a is 1 and b is 3 or 4.
11. The capacitor assembly of claim 1 , wherein Z is SO 3 .
12. The capacitor assembly of claim 1 , wherein X is an alkali metal.
13. The capacitor assembly of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is poly(4-(2,3-dihydrothieno-[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2-ylmethoxy)-1-butane-sulphonic acid, salt), poly(4-(2,3-dihydrothieno-[3,4-b][I,4]dioxin-2-ylmethoxy)-l-propanesulphonic acid, salt), or a combination thereof.
14. The capacitor assembly of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte contains from 5 to 15 inner layers.
15. The capacitor assembly of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte contains one or more outer layers, wherein at least one of the outer layers is formed from a dispersion of particles that contain a polymeric counterion and an extrinsically conductive polymer having repeating units of the following formula (III):
wherein,
R 7 is a linear or branched, C 1 to C 18 alkyl radical; C 5 to C 12 cycloalkyl radical; C 6 to C 14 aryl radical; C 7 to C 18 aralkyl radical; or C 1 to C 4 hydroxyalkyl radical, or hydroxyl radical; and
q is an integer from 0 to 8.
16. The capacitor assembly of claim 15 , wherein at least one of the outer layers contains a hydroxyl-functional nonionic polymer.
17. The capacitor assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a housing within which the capacitor element is enclosed.
18. The capacitor assembly of claim 17 , wherein the housing is formed from a resinous material that encapsulates the capacitor element.
19. The capacitor assembly of claim 17 , wherein the housing defines an interior cavity within which the capacitor element is positioned, wherein the interior cavity has a gaseous atmosphere.
20. The capacitor assembly of claim 19 , wherein the gaseous atmosphere contains an inert gas.
21. The capacitor assembly of claim 1 , wherein the valve metal powder has a specific charge of from about 100,000 to about 800,000 μF*V/g.
22. A method comprising exposing a capacitor assembly to an atmosphere having a temperature of about 80° C. or more, the capacitor assembly comprising a capacitor element that includes an anode that contains a dielectric formed on a sintered porous body and a solid electrolyte overlying the anode, wherein the sintered porous body is formed from a valve metal powder having a specific charge of from about 70,000 to about 800,000 μF*V/g and having a granular shape and an aspect ratio of about 4 or less, wherein the solid electrolyte includes an intrinsically conductive polymer containing repeating units having the following formula (I):
wherein,
R is (CH 2 ) a —O—(CH 2 ) b ;
a is from 0 to 10;
b is from 1 to 18;
Z is an anion;
X is a cation, and
an external polymer coating that overlies the solid electrolyte, wherein the external polymer coating contains a plurality of pre-polymerized conductive polymer particles, and wherein a ratio of an average size of the particles employed in the external polymer coating to an average size of the particles employed in any dispersion of the solid electrolyte is from about 1.5 to about 30;
wherein the solid electrolyte contains one or more inner layers, the inner layers containing the intrinsically conductive polymer and being generally free of extrinsically conductive polymers; and
wherein a ratio of a capacitance value of the assembly after being exposed to the hot atmosphere for about 550 hours to a capacitance value of the assembly when initially exposed to the hot atmosphere is from about 0.7 to 1.0.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the valve metal powder has a specific charge of from about 100,000 to about 800,000 μF*V/g.