Substituted pyrazines and a process for producing the same
Described include (1) a substituted pyrazine compound of general formula (VIII): and (2) a process for producing the substituted pyrazine compound of general formula (VIII), where R 1 is hydrogen, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, and R 4 is a protecting group. The process comprises (1) the step of reacting 2-amino-3,5-dibromo-6-chloropyrazine with R 1 MgX and ZnCl 2 in the presence of a palladium catalyst to produce a compound of general formula (V); (2) the step of reacting the compound of general formula (V) with a compound of general formula (VI) to produce a compound of general formula (VII); and (3) the step of reacting the compound of formula (VII) with tributyl(vinyl)tin in the presence or a palladium catalyst to given the compound of general formula (VIII).
1. A compound represented by formula (VIII):
wherein
R 1 is hydrogen; a halogen; an aryl which may optionally be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen, hydroxy, an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an amino and a dialkylamino having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; an arylalkyl which may optionally be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen, hydroxy, an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an amino and a dialkylamino having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; an arylalkenyl which may optionally be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen, hydroxy, an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an amino and a dialkylamino having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; an alkyl which may optionally be substituted with an alicyclic group; an alkenyl which may optionally be substituted with an alicyclic group; an alicyclic group; a heterocyclic group; or an alkynyl which may optionally be substituted with an alicyclic group, and
R 4 is a protecting group selected from the group consisting of methyl, methoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, phenyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, and triisopropylsilyl.
2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is:
3. A process for producing a compound represented by formula (VIII):
wherein R 1 is hydrogen; a halogen; an aryl which may optionally be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen, hydroxy, an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an amino and a dialkylamino having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; an arylalkyl which may optionally be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen, hydroxy, an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an amino and a dialkylamino having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; an arylalkenyl which may optionally be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen, hydroxy, an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an amino and a dialkylamino having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; an alkyl which may optionally be substituted with an alicyclic group; an alkenyl which may optionally be substituted with an alicyclic group; an alicyclic group; a heterocyclic group; or an alkynyl which may optionally be substituted with an alicyclic group, and
R 4 is a protecting group selected from the group consisting of methyl, methoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, phenyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, and triisopropylsilyl,
which comprises:
(1) reacting 2-amino-3,5-dibromo-6-chloropyrazine with R 1 MgX and ZnCl 2 , wherein R 1 is the same as defined above and X is a halogen, in the presence of a palladium catalyst to give a compound represented by formula (V):
wherein R 1 is the same as defined above;
(2) reacting the compound represented by formula (V) with a compound represented by formula (VI):
wherein R 4 is the same as defined above, in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base to give a compound represented by formula (VII):
wherein R 1 and R 4 are the same as defined above; and,
(3) reacting the compound represented by formula (VII) with tributyl(vinyl)tin in the presence of a palladium catalyst to give the compound represented by formula (VIII).
4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, p-hydroxyphenyl, benzyl, α-hydroxybenzyl, phenylethyl, phenylvinyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclohexylethyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropenyl, adamantylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, and thiophen-2-yl.
5. The process according to claim 3 , wherein R 1 is benzyl.
6. The process according to claim 3 , wherein R 4 is methyl.