Seismic reinforced underground water conduit
A structural liner for reinforcing existing underground water conduits to resist earthquakes and landslides adapted for insertion into underground water conduits without having to excavate are disclosed. The reinforcement structural device consists of a seamless woven tubular sheath impregnated with a hardening resin which is adapted for insertion into a network of underground water conduits without the need to excavate. The seamless woven tubular sheath consists of continuous longitudinal fiber warp yarn providing tensile strength along the longitudinal axis of the woven tubular sheath and circumferential fiber filling yarn providing tensile strength around the wall of the woven tubular sheath.
1. A structural liner for reinforcing a network of underground water conduits, the structural liner comprising a seamless woven tubular sheath impregnated with a hardening resin which is cured in place inside the water conduits; the seamless woven tubular sheath comprising longitudinal fiber warp yarn having a linear mass density of at least 7,000 deniers providing tensile strength along a longitudinal axis of the woven tubular sheath and circumferential fiber filling yarn having a linear mass density of at least 10,000 deniers oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal warp yarn providing tensile strength and stiffness around the circumference of the woven tubular sheath to resist external shear forces and bending moments caused by an earthquake or a landslide, wherein the warp yarn and filling yarn have a twists per unit length in the range of 0.3/inch to 3/inch.
2. A structural liner as defined in claim 1 , wherein the warp yarn has a linear mass density of at least 9,000 deniers and filling yarn has a linear mass density of at least 20,000 deniers.
3. A structural liner as defined in claim 1 , wherein the warp yarn has a linear mass density of at least 20,000 deniers and filling yarn has a linear mass density of at least 30,000 deniers.
4. A structural liner as defined in claim 3 , wherein filling yarn has a linear mass density of between 30,000 and 40,000 deniers.
5. A structural liner as defined in claim 1 , wherein the warp yarn and filling yarn have a twists per unit length in the range of 1/inch to 2.5/inch.
6. A structural liner as defined in claim 1 , wherein the fiber of the longitudinal fiber warp yarn and of the circumferential fiber filling yarn is selected from the group consisting of polyester fibers, glass fibers, basalt fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, natural fibers, oriented polyethylene fibers, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, polyamide fibers, including aramid fibers, and polypropylene fibers.
7. A structural liner as defined in claim 1 , wherein the hardening resin is selected from the group of curable resin such as epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, and urethane based resin or a thermoplastic resin such as a polyolefin, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or technical resin.
8. A structural liner for reinforcing a network of underground water conduits, the structural liner comprising a seamless woven tubular sheath impregnated with a hardening resin which is cured in place inside the water conduits; the seamless woven tubular sheath comprising longitudinal fiber warp yarn having a linear mass density of at least 7,000 deniers providing tensile strength along a longitudinal axis of the woven tubular sheath and circumferential fiber filling yarn having a linear mass density of at least 10,000 deniers oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal warp yarn providing tensile strength and stiffness around the circumference of the woven tubular sheath to resist external shear forces and bending moments caused by ground motion, wherein the warp yarn and filling yarn have a twists per unit length in the range of 0.3/inch to 3/inch.