Ion trapping with integrated electromagnets
Devices, systems, and methods for ion trapping with integrated electromagnets are described herein. One device includes a plurality of electrodes configured to trap an ion above a surface of the device, a medial coil and a plurality of peripheral coils, each positioned at a respective radial angle associated with the medial coil, wherein the medial coil is configured to generate a first magnetic field having a first orientation, and wherein the peripheral coils are configured to generate a second magnetic field having a second orientation that opposes the first orientation.
1. A device for ion trapping, comprising:
a plurality of electrodes configured to trap an ion above a surface of the device;
a medial coil below the surface of the device; and
a plurality of peripheral coils below the surface of the device, each positioned at a respective radial angle associated with the medial coil;
wherein the medial coil is configured to generate a first magnetic field having a first orientation, and wherein the peripheral coils are configured to generate a second magnetic field having a second orientation that opposes the first orientation.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of peripheral coils includes four peripheral coils.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of peripheral coils are equally distanced from each other.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of peripheral coils are each equally distanced from the medial coil.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the medial coil includes:
a first layer portion disposed in a first layer of the device;
a second layer portion disposed in a second layer of the device; and
a via connecting the first layer portion and the second layer portion.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein each of the peripheral coils includes:
a first layer portion disposed in the first layer of the device;
a second layer portion in a second layer of the device; and
a via connecting the first layer portion and the second layer portion.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the medial coil and the plurality of peripheral coils include a wire composed of at least one of copper and gold.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein a thickness of the wire is between 0.68 and 0.72 microns.
9. The device of claim 7 , wherein a net magnetic flux density at a distance of 300 microns from a center of the medial coil does not exceed 1E-6 Tesla.
10. A system, comprising:
a first medial coil configured to generate a first upward magnetic field;
four first peripheral coils positioned to surround the first medial coil and configured to generate a first downward magnetic field;
a second medial coil located a particular distance from the first medial coil and configured to generate a second upward magnetic field; and
four second peripheral coils positioned to surround the second medial coil and configured to generate a second downward magnetic field.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein each of the four first and four second peripheral coils is configured to generate the downward magnetic field with a strength approximately one-fourth a strength of the upward magnetic field generated by either the first medial coil or the second medial coil.
12. The system of claim 10 , wherein the downward magnetic field and the upward magnetic field have substantially equivalent magnitudes.
13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the distance between the first medial coil and the second medial coil defines a portion of a logic area.
14. The system of claim 10 , wherein each of the first and second medial coil and the four first and four second peripheral coils have a radius between 15 and 50 microns and can contain between 60 and 70 windings.
15. The system of claim 10 , wherein the system is substantially centered on a longitudinal axis of an ion trap.
16. A method for ion trapping, comprising
generating a uniform magnetic field using a plurality of Helmholtz coils;
generating a first local upward magnetic field using a first medial coil;
generating four first local downward magnetic fields using four first peripheral coils positioned to surround the first medial coil;
generating a second local upward magnetic field using a second medial coil located a particular distance from the first medial coil;
generating four second local downward magnetic fields using four second peripheral coils positioned to surround the second medial coil; and
trapping an ion in a space defined by the first medial coil, the second medial coil, two of the four first peripheral coils and two of the four second peripheral coils.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein trapping the ion includes controlling a spin direction of the ion.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the space is associated with at least one laser that causes ion cooling.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the method includes creating a magnetic field gradient in the space.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the method includes shelving the ion in the space for a period of time.