Multiple input three-phase inverter with independent MPPT and high efficiency
Systems, methods, and devices relating to power converters. A power conditioning system uses multiple DC/DC power converter blocks. The output of each of the converter blocks is received by an energy storage and combiner block. The output of the combiner block is then received by a DC/AC inverter. The various components of the power conditioning system are controlled by a central controller. The power semiconductors within each DC/DC converter are controlled by a subsystem of the central controller and MPPT is also provided by the central controller. Also provided for are a novel three-phase DC/AC inverter topology with reduced output ripple and a control scheme for controlling the power semiconductors in the DC/AC inverter.
1. A system for converting power from at least one DC power source for transmission to an AC power grid, the system comprising:
at least one DC/DC converter block, each DC/DC converter block being for receiving DC power from one of said at least one DC power source and for producing a power output;
an energy storage and combiner block for receiving said power output of said at least one DC/DC converter block;
a DC/AC inverter block for receiving a power output of said energy storage and combiner block, said DC/AC inverter block producing an AC power output for transmission to said AC power grid;
a controller block for controlling each of said at least one DC/DC converter blocks, said energy storage and combiner block, and said DC/AC inverter block;
wherein
said controller block receives power and voltage characteristics of each of said at least one DC power source;
said controller block receives power and voltage characteristics of said AC power output of said DC/AC inverter block;
said controller block receives voltage characteristics of said power output of said energy storage and combiner block;
said controller block provides control gate pulses for each of said at least one DC/DC converter blocks and for said DC/AC inverter block;
wherein said DC/AC inverter block produces a three phase AC current suitable for insertion into an AC power grid and said DC/AC inverter block comprises:
three semiconductor legs connected in parallel to one another;
an input capacitor coupled in parallel to said semiconductor legs;
three output inductors, each inductor being coupled between a semiconductor leg and said AC power grid;
wherein each semiconductor leg comprises two power semiconductor devices coupled in series with one output inductor being coupled to a coupling node between said two power semiconductor devices;
and
wherein said DC/AC inverter block is controlled by a digital control sub-block comprising:
a digital current controller, said digital current controller receiving current and voltage characteristics from each of said three output inductors;
a digital voltage controller, said digital voltage controller receiving a voltage characteristic of an input voltage to said DC/AC inverter block, said digital voltage controller sending a reference current to said digital current controller and receiving a reference voltage;
an optimal frequency calculator receiving a current and a voltage from one of said three output inductors;
a hybrid modulator receiving an optimal frequency signal from said optimal frequency calculator and duty ratio values for each of said three semiconductor legs from said digital current controller, said hybrid modulator producing gate pulses for said power semiconductor devices in said DC/AC inverter block.
2. A system according to claim 1 wherein said at least one DC/DC converter block comprises:
an input capacitor coupled in parallel between a positive input and a negative input from a DC power source;
an inverter circuit coupled in parallel to said input capacitor;
a transformer circuit coupled to said inverter circuit, said transformer circuit receiving a current output of said inverter circuit;
a rectifier circuit receiving an output of said transformer circuit;
an output capacitor coupled in parallel to said rectifier circuit;
an output inductor coupled in series between an output node of said converter block and a positive node coupled to both said rectifier circuit and said output capacitor;
wherein
control gate pulses for semiconductors in said inverter circuit are received from a digital controller sub-block;
said digital controller sub-block determines said control gate pulses based on voltage and current characteristics of power received from said DC power source.
3. A system according to claim 1 wherein said controller block comprises:
at least one digital controller sub-block for controlling a specific DC power output of a specific DC/DC converter block receiving power from a specific DC power source; and
a central phase coordinator for coordinating a phase of DC power outputs from said at least one DC/DC converter block.
4. A system according to claim 3 wherein said at least one digital controller sub-block comprises:
a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) module for receiving voltage and current characteristics of a specific input power from said specific DC power source and for producing a reference voltage and a power signal from said specific input power;
a digital compensator module for receiving said reference voltage from said MPPT module and for producing a duty cycle signal;
a frequency control module for producing a frequency control signal indicative of an optimum frequency for said specific DC power output of said specific DC/DC converter, said frequency control signal being sent to said digital compensator module, said frequency control module also receiving said duty cycle signal, said power signal, and a voltage signal from said specific DC power source;
a digital pulse width modulation (PWM) module for receiving said duty cycle signal and said frequency control signal, said digital PWM module also being for producing control gate pulses for semiconductors in said specific DC/DC converter block;
wherein
said digital PWM module receives a phase control signal indicative of an optimum phase for an output of said DC/DC converter block from said central phase coordinator;
said frequency control module sends a frequency of said specific input power to said central phase coordinator;
said central phase coordinator also receives said specific input power from said MPPT module.
5. A system according to claim 1 wherein each of said semiconductor legs comprises:
an auxiliary capacitor and an auxiliary inductor coupled in series between said coupling node and ground;
wherein said auxiliary inductor is coupled to a corresponding one of said output inductors, said corresponding one of said output inductors being coupled between said coupling node and said AC power grid.
6. A system according to claim 1 wherein said at least one DC power source comprises at least one of:
a solar farm;
a photo-voltaic (PV) panel;
a wind farm;
a wind driven power turbine;
a water driven power turbine;
a wave driven power turbine; and
a gas powered power turbine.
7. A system according to claim 1 further comprising a communications block coupled to said controller block, said communications block being for sending and receiving parameters for use by said controller block.
8. A system according to claim 2 wherein said inverter circuit is a full inverter circuit.
9. A system according to claim 2 wherein said inverter circuit is a half inverter circuit.
10. A system according to claim 2 wherein said controller block provides maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and controls said control gate pulses based on said MPPT.
11. A system according to claim 10 wherein said digital controller sub-block is part of said controller block.